ISO 25597:2013规定了通过以下方式从固定源烟气样品中提取和测量可过滤颗粒物的程序:a)使用旋风采样器；b)使用稀释采样技术测量冷凝颗粒物，该技术模拟烟囱气体成分在烟囱出口后混合时与大气的相互作用。 ISO 25597:2013规定使用两种类型的采样序列。 1）基本采样序列，使用采样旋风分离器测量可过滤颗粒的基本采样序列，该采样旋风分离器可以区分2、5 μ m和10 μ m范围内的颗粒尺寸。该方法特别适用于在标准条件（293K，1013hPa，干气）下测量高于50mg/m3的半小时平均值的颗粒质量浓度，并适用于烟囱或管道中等于或小于标称空气动力学直径为10 μ m（PM10）的初级颗粒物质（PM）排放。2)稀释取样装置，一种稀释取样装置，其利用将烟道气与经调节的稀释空气混合的稀释室来模拟烟道气组分与环境空气的相互作用。该模拟过程可能导致颗粒物质的冷凝，否则这些颗粒物质可能不会在基本采样序列中产生。稀释采样序列使用堆内采样旋风分离器以与基本采样序列相同的方式测量可过滤颗粒，但是另外，在采样序列中使用额外的PM2、PM5和/或PM10旋风分离器来测量在稀释腔室中形成的颗粒。 该方法旨在使用称重技术测量小于2.5 μ m空气动力学直径(PM2,5)的颗粒的质量浓度。该方法可用于测量空气动力学直径小于10 μ m空气动力学直径(PM10)的颗粒或空气动力学直径在2.5 μ m至10 μ m之间的颗粒的质量浓度。在该方法中，稀释采样序列可以与基本采样序列结合使用，根据测试目标使用PM10和/或PM2.5。稀释取样系统适用于需要测量与烟气废气与环境空气混合时形成的材料特性相似的颗粒的应用。 可以进一步分析使用稀释采样收集的颗粒物过滤器样本，以提供适用于制定PM2、5或PM10排放清单、能见度影响评估、健康风险评估和源？与PM2、5和PM10排放相关的受体研究。 本方法不适用于空气动力学直径小于0.1 μ m的超细颗粒的测定。该方法已应用于低水分和饱和水分烟道气的排放源；然而，它不适用于存在夹带水滴的流出物。 人们认识到，有些燃烧过程和情况会限制ISO 25597:2013的适用性。在存在此类条件的情况下，需要谨慎和胜任的技术判断，特别是在处理以下任一情况时:i)高于260℃的高真空、高压或高温气流；ii)由于过程中不可控的变化而引起的速度、温度或浓度的波动；iii)由于气流不混合而导致的气体分层。 每种采样技术也有特定的限制。 带有夹带的水分液滴的堆叠可以具有大于旋风分离器的切割尺寸的液滴尺寸。这些水滴通常含有颗粒和溶解的固体，在水蒸发后变成PM10和PM2.5。 对于稀释取样，该方法的一个已知限制涉及稀释空气中存在浓度非常低的颗粒，这有助于测量背景。这对于某些非常清洁的来源，例如燃气发电厂，可能是重要的。当对预期PM2、5或PM10质量浓度小于或等于约1.0 mg/m3的源进行采样时，稀释空气系统空白是必要的。

ISO 25597:2013 specifies procedures for the extraction and measurement of filterable particulate matter from stationary source flue gas samples by: a) the use of cyclone samplers; b) the measurement of condensed particulate matter using dilution sampling technique, which simulates the interaction of stack gas components with the atmosphere as they mix after the stack exit. ISO 25597:2013 provides for the use of two types of sampling train. 1) Basic sampling train, a basic sampling train to measure filterable particles using sampling cyclones that can distinguish between particle sizes in the range of 2,5 μm and 10 μm. This method is especially suitable for measurements of particle mass concentrations above 50 mg/m³ as a half-hourly average at standard conditions (293 K, 1 013 hPa, dry gas) and applies to primary particulate matter (PM) emissions equal to or less than an aerodynamic diameter of nominally 10 μm (PM₁₀) from stacks or ducts. 2) Dilution sampling train, a dilution sampling train that utilizes a dilution chamber that mixes flue gas with conditioned dilution air to simulate the interaction of the stack gas components with ambient air. This simulation process may lead to the condensation of particulate matter that might not otherwise be produced in the basic sampling train. The dilution sampling train uses in-stack sampling cyclones to measure filterable particles in the same manner as the basic sampling train, but in addition, utilizes additional PM_2,5 and/or PM₁₀ cyclones in the sampling train to measure particles formed in the dilution chamber. This method is intended for the measurement of mass concentrations of particles smaller than 2,5 μm aerodynamic diameter (PM_2,5) using weighing techniques. The method can be used to measure mass concentrations of particles with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 μm aerodynamic diameter (PM₁₀) or particles with aerodynamic diameters between 2,5 μm and 10 μm. In this method, the dilution sampling train can be used in combination with the basic sampling train, using PM₁₀ and/or PM_2,5 depending upon the test objectives. The dilution sampling system is intended for applications where measurement is required of particles similar in characteristics to materials formed when a flue gas exhaust mixes with ambient air. Particulate matter filter samples collected using dilution sampling can be further analysed to provide chemical composition data that are applicable for developing PM_2,5 or PM₁₀ emission inventories, visibility impact assessments, health risk assessments, and source?receptor studies related to PM_2,5 and PM₁₀ emissions. This method is not applicable to the determination of ultrafine particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 0,1 μm. This method has been applied to emission sources with low moisture and saturated moisture stack gases; however, it is not applicable to effluents where entrained water droplets are present. It is recognized that there are some combustion processes and situations that can limit the applicability of ISO 25597:2013. Where such conditions exist, caution and competent technical judgment are required, especially when dealing with any of the following: i) high-vacuum, high-pressure or high-temperature gas streams above 260 °C; ii) fluctuations in velocity, temperature or concentration due to uncontrollable variation in the process; iii) gas stratification due to the non-mixing of gas streams. There are also limitations specific to each sampling technique. Stacks with entrained moisture droplets can have droplet sizes larger than the cut sizes for the cyclones. These water droplets normally contain particles and dissolved solids that become PM₁₀ and PM_2,5 following evaporation of the water. For dilution sampling, a known limitation of this method concerns the presence of particles in the dilution air at very low concentrations, contributing to measurement background. This can be significant for certain very clean sources, e.g. gas-fired power plants. Dilution air system blanks are necessary when sampling sources with anticipated PM_2,5 or PM₁₀ mass concentrations less than or equal to about 1,0 mg/m³.