1.1 转换表1显示了在锻造、退火、正火和淬火回火条件下，非奥氏体钢（包括碳钢、合金钢和工具钢）的布氏硬度、维氏硬度、洛氏硬度、洛氏表面硬度、努氏硬度和硬化硬度之间关系的洛氏C硬度范围内的数据，前提是它们是均匀的。 1.2 转换表2显示了在锻造、退火、正火和淬火回火条件下，非奥氏体钢（包括碳钢、合金钢和工具钢）的布氏硬度、维氏硬度、洛氏硬度、洛氏表面硬度、努氏硬度和硬化硬度之间关系的洛氏B硬度范围内的数据，前提是它们是均匀的。 1.3 换算表3显示了镍和高硬度合金的布氏硬度、维氏硬度、洛氏硬度、洛氏表面硬度和努氏硬度之间的关系数据- 镍合金（镍含量超过50 %). 这些硬度转换关系旨在特别适用于以下情况:按照商业工厂硬度测试标准加工的镍铝硅试样，涵盖这些合金从退火到严重冷加工或时效硬化条件（包括中间条件）的整个范围。 1.4 转换表4给出了筒状黄铜的布氏硬度、维氏硬度、洛氏硬度和洛氏表面硬度之间关系的数据。 1.5 换算表5给出了退火条件下奥氏体不锈钢板的布氏硬度和洛氏B硬度之间关系的数据。 1.6 换算表6给出了奥氏体不锈钢板的洛氏硬度和洛氏表面硬度之间关系的数据。 1.7 换算表7给出了铜的布氏硬度、维氏硬度、洛氏硬度、洛氏表面硬度和努氏硬度之间关系的数据。 1.8 换算表8给出了合金白口铁的布氏硬度、洛氏硬度和维氏硬度之间关系的数据。 1.9 换算表9给出了变形铝产品的布氏硬度、维氏硬度、洛氏硬度和洛氏表面硬度之间关系的数据。 1.10 转换表10显示了在锻造、退火、正火和淬火回火条件下，非奥氏体钢（包括碳钢、合金钢和工具钢）的里氏（D型）硬度、布氏硬度、维氏硬度和洛氏硬度之间关系的洛氏C硬度范围内的数据，前提是它们是均匀的。 1.11 本文提供的许多转换值是从实际测试数据的计算机生成曲线中获得的。大多数洛氏硬度值精确到0.1或0.5硬度值，以便准确再现这些曲线。 1.12 附件A1– 附件A10 包含从一个硬度标度转换到另一个硬度标度的等式。中给出的方程 附件A1– 附录A9 分别根据表1至表9中的数据得出。中给出的方程 附件A10 是在发明里氏硬度试验时开发的（参见 附录X2 ). 表10中的数据是根据 附件A10 方程。 1.13 仅当无法在规定的条件下测试材料时，才应使用硬度值的转换，并且在进行转换时，应酌情在受控条件下进行。每种类型的硬度测试都有一定的误差，但如果仔细观察预防措施，则压痕类型仪器上的硬度读数的可靠性将具有可比性。 给定硬度标度范围内的灵敏度差异（例如，洛氏硬度B）可能大于两种不同标度或类型仪器之间的灵敏度差异。无论是从表格中还是从方程中计算出的转换值都只是近似值，对于特定应用而言可能不准确。 1.14 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 6.1 表中给出的转换值或由附录中给出的方程计算的转换值仅适用于所示的特定材料。这是因为转化率受多种因素的影响，包括材料合金、晶粒结构、热处理等。 6.2 由于各种类型的硬度测试并不都测量相同的材料性能组合，因此从一个硬度标度到另一个硬度标度的转换只是一个近似过程。由于不同材料之间的差异很大，因此不可能在使用转换图时说明误差的置信限。即使是针对单一材料建立的表格，例如针对枪弹黄铜的表格，也会因成分和加工方法的不同而产生一些误差。 6.3 由于其近似性质，转换表必须仅视为比较值的估计。建议硬度转换主要适用于通过协议或授权确定的规格限值，并尽可能避免转换测试数据（见 注1 ).

1.1 Conversion Table 1 presents data in the Rockwell C hardness range on the relationship among Brinell hardness, Vickers hardness, Rockwell hardness, Rockwell superficial hardness, Knoop hardness, and Scleroscope hardness of non-austenitic steels including carbon, alloy, and tool steels in the as-forged, annealed, normalized, and quenched and tempered conditions provided that they are homogeneous. 1.2 Conversion Table 2 presents data in the Rockwell B hardness range on the relationship among Brinell hardness, Vickers hardness, Rockwell hardness, Rockwell superficial hardness, Knoop hardness, and Scleroscope hardness of non-austenitic steels including carbon, alloy, and tool steels in the as-forged, annealed, normalized, and quenched and tempered conditions provided that they are homogeneous. 1.3 Conversion Table 3 presents data on the relationship among Brinell hardness, Vickers hardness, Rockwell hardness, Rockwell superficial hardness, and Knoop hardness of nickel and high-nickel alloys (nickel content over 50 %). These hardness conversion relationships are intended to apply particularly to the following: nickel-aluminum-silicon specimens finished to commercial mill standards for hardness testing, covering the entire range of these alloys from their annealed to their heavily cold-worked or age-hardened conditions, including their intermediate conditions. 1.4 Conversion Table 4 presents data on the relationship among Brinell hardness, Vickers hardness, Rockwell hardness, and Rockwell superficial hardness of cartridge brass. 1.5 Conversion Table 5 presents data on the relationship between Brinell hardness and Rockwell B hardness of austenitic stainless steel plate in the annealed condition. 1.6 Conversion Table 6 presents data on the relationship between Rockwell hardness and Rockwell superficial hardness of austenitic stainless steel sheet. 1.7 Conversion Table 7 presents data on the relationship among Brinell hardness, Vickers hardness, Rockwell hardness, Rockwell superficial hardness, and Knoop hardness of copper. 1.8 Conversion Table 8 presents data on the relationship among Brinell hardness, Rockwell hardness, and Vickers hardness of alloyed white iron. 1.9 Conversion Table 9 presents data on the relationship among Brinell hardness, Vickers hardness, Rockwell hardness, and Rockwell superficial hardness of wrought aluminum products. 1.10 Conversion Table 10 presents data in the Rockwell C hardness range on the relationship among Leeb (Type D) hardness, Brinell hardness, Vickers hardness, and Rockwell hardness of non-austenitic steels including carbon, alloy, and tool steels in the as-forged, annealed, normalized, and quenched and tempered conditions provided that they are homogeneous. 1.11 Many of the conversion values presented herein were obtained from computer-generated curves of actual test data. Most Rockwell hardness numbers are presented to the nearest 0.1 or 0.5 hardness number to permit accurate reproduction of these curves. 1.12 Annex A1 – Annex A10 contain equations to convert from one hardness scale to another. The equations given in Annex A1 – Annex A9 were developed from the data in Tables 1 to 9, respectively. The equations given in Annex A10 were developed at the time the Leeb hardness test was invented (see Appendix X2 ). The data in Table 10 was calculated from the Annex A10 equations. 1.13 Conversion of hardness values should be used only when it is impossible to test the material under the conditions specified, and when conversion is made it should be done with discretion and under controlled conditions. Each type of hardness test is subject to certain errors, but if precautions are carefully observed, the reliability of hardness readings made on instruments of the indentation type will be found comparable. Differences in sensitivity within the range of a given hardness scale (for example, Rockwell B) may be greater than between two different scales or types of instruments. The conversion values, whether from the tables or calculated from the equations, are only approximate and may be inaccurate for specific application. 1.14 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 6.1 The conversion values given in the tables, or calculated by the equations given in the appendixes, should only be considered valid for the specific materials indicated. This is because conversions can be affected by several factors, including the material alloy, grain structure, heat treatment, etc. 6.2 Since the various types of hardness tests do not all measure the same combination of material properties, conversion from one hardness scale to another is only an approximate process. Because of the wide range of variation among different materials, it is not possible to state confidence limits for the errors in using a conversion chart. Even in the case of a table established for a single material, such as the table for cartridge brass, some error is involved depending on composition and methods of processing. 6.3 Because of their approximate nature, conversion tables must be regarded as only an estimate of comparative values. It is recommended that hardness conversions be applied primarily to values such as specification limits, which are established by agreement or mandate, and that the conversion of test data be avoided whenever possible (see Note 1 ).