1.1 本试验方法描述了测量纯液体或固体化合物蒸汽压的程序。没有一种技术能够从1 × 10 −11 至100 kPa（约10 −10 至760托）。本标准的主题是气体饱和度，能够测量1 × 10 –11 至1 kPa（约10 –10 至10托）。其他方法，如等渗镜和差示扫描量热法（DSC）适用于测量0以上的蒸汽压。 1 kPa——测量1.5%液体蒸汽压的等渗仪（标准）程序 × 10 −1. 在试验方法中，可使用100 kPa（约1至760 torr） D2879 . DSC（标准）程序，用于测量来自2的蒸汽压 × 10 −1. 在试验方法中，可使用100 kPa（约1至760 torr） E1782 . 测量蒸汽压的气体饱和程序 × 10 −11 至1 kPa（约10 −10 在本试验方法中给出了10托）。所有程序都是美国法律的主题。 S、 环境保护局测试指南。 1.2 气体饱和法对于提供正常环境温度（–40至+60°C）下的蒸汽压数据非常有用。应研究至少三个温度值，以确定蒸汽压-温度相关性。确定的值应基于温度选择，以便在25°C下进行测量（根据IUPAC的建议） ( 1. ) , 2. 可以对25°C的值进行插值，也可以对25°C的值进行可靠的外推。 如果测试的温度范围包括发生相变的值，则应避免外推到25°C。还应避免在大于10°C的范围内外推到25°C。如果可能，所研究的温度应高于或低于25°C，以避免完全外推。选择气体饱和度法是因为其范围广、简单且普遍适用 ( 2. ). 实验室间评估期间气体饱和程序产生的结果示例如所示 表1 . 这些数据取自参考文献 ( 3. ). （A） S r 是实验室内的估计标准偏差，即在单独实验室中发现的重复性的平均值。 （B） S R 是实验室之间方差分量的平方根。 （C） S R 是实验室之间的精度估计。 1.3 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.4 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全和健康实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 蒸汽压值可用于预测挥发速率 ( 5. ). 蒸汽压和汽液分配系数（亨利定律常数）用于预测水等液体的挥发速率。因此，这些值对于预测化学品在环境中的迁移尤为重要 ( 6 ).

1.1 This test method describes procedures for measuring the vapor pressure of pure liquid or solid compounds. No single technique is able to measure vapor pressures from 1 × 10 −11 to 100 kPa (approximately 10 −10 to 760 torr). The subject of this standard is gas saturation which is capable of measuring vapor pressures from 1 × 10 –11 to 1 kPa (approximately 10 –10 to 10 torr). Other methods, such as isoteniscope and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are suitable for measuring vapor pressures above 0.1 kPa An isoteniscope (standard) procedure for measuring vapor pressures of liquids from 1 × 10 −1 to 100 kPa (approximately 1 to 760 torr) is available in Test Method D2879 . A DSC (standard) procedure for measuring vapor pressures from 2 × 10 −1 to 100 kPa (approximately 1 to 760 torr) is available in Test Method E1782 . A gas-saturation procedure for measuring vapor pressures from 1 × 10 −11 to 1 kPa (approximately 10 −10 to 10 torr) is presented in this test method. All procedures are subjects of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Test Guidelines. 1.2 The gas saturation method is very useful for providing vapor pressure data at normal environmental temperatures (–40 to +60°C). At least three temperature values should be studied to allow definition of a vapor pressure-temperature correlation. Values determined should be based on temperature selections such that a measurement is made at 25°C (as recommended by IUPAC) ( 1 ) , 2 a value can be interpolated for 25°C, or a value can be reliably extrapolated for 25°C. Extrapolation to 25°C should be avoided if the temperature range tested includes a value at which a phase change occurs. Extrapolation to 25°C over a range larger than 10°C should also be avoided. If possible, the temperatures investigated should be above and below 25°C to avoid extrapolation altogether. The gas saturation method was selected because of its extended range, simplicity, and general applicability ( 2 ). Examples of results produced by the gas-saturation procedure during an interlaboratory evaluation are given in Table 1 . These data have been taken from Reference ( 3 ). (A) S r is the estimated standard deviation within laboratories, that is, an average of the repeatability found in the separate laboratories. (B) S R is the square root of the component of variance between laboratories. (C) S R is the between-laboratory estimate of precision. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Vapor pressure values can be used to predict volatilization rates ( 5 ). Vapor pressures, along with vapor-liquid partition coefficients (Henry's Law constant) are used to predict volatilization rates from liquids such as water. These values are thus particularly important for the prediction of the transport of a chemical in the environment ( 6 ).