1.1 本规程提供了一种程序，用于计算含有超大颗粒的土壤的单位重量和含水量，当去除超大颗粒后的土壤部分的数据已知时。 1.2 当含有过大颗粒的总土壤样品的数据已知时，该方法也可用于计算土壤组分的单位重量和含水量。 1.3 该实践基于对土壤和土石混合物进行的测试，其中被认为尺寸过大的部分是保留在4.75-mm【4号】筛网上的材料部分。基于这些试验，本规程适用于土壤和土石混合物，其中 % 的材料保留在4.75-mm[4号]筛上。当过大颗粒是保留在其他筛网上的部分时，该做法也被认为是有效的，但修正有效的过大颗粒的极限百分比可能更低。 然而，这种做法被认为对30以下的材料有效 % 尺寸过大的颗粒，当尺寸过大部分是保留在19mm[ 3. / 4. -英寸]滤器 1.4 控制过大颗粒最大允许百分比的因素是过大颗粒之间的干扰是否会影响细粒的单位重量。对于某些级配，这种干扰可能在较低百分比的过大颗粒时开始发生，因此这些材料的极限百分比必须较低，以避免计算的校正不准确。使用此做法的个人或机构应确定是否使用较低的百分比。 1.5 此做法可适用于具有任何百分比的超大颗粒的土壤，但须符合 1.3 和 1.4 然而，对于只有很小百分比的超大颗粒的土壤，校正可能没有实际意义。 规定本规程的人员或机构应规定尺寸过大颗粒的最小百分比，低于该百分比不需要应用本规程。如果没有指定最小百分比，5 % 应使用。 1.6 这种做法可能不适用于在现场压实下降解的土石混合物。 1.7 单位-- 以国际单位制或英寸磅单位表示的数值应单独视为标准。每个系统中规定的值可能不是完全相等的；因此，每个系统应独立使用。将两个系统的值合并可能导致不符合标准。 1.7.1 在工程专业中，通常同时使用磅来表示质量单位（lbm）和力（lbf）。这隐含地结合了两个独立的单位系统；即绝对系统和引力系统。把两套单独的英寸结合使用在科学上是不可取的- 一个标准内的磅单位。本标准是在处理英寸磅制时使用重力单位制编写的。在该系统中，磅（lbf）表示力（重量）的单位。但是，使用天平或天平记录质量磅（lbm）或密度（lbm/ft） 3. 不应被视为不符合本标准。 注1: 筛网尺寸由规范中的标准名称确定 E11 括号中给出的备选名称仅供参考，不代表不同的标准筛尺寸。 1.8 所有观测值和计算值应符合实践中制定的有效数字和四舍五入指南 D6026 。 1.8.1 本标准中用于规定如何收集/记录和计算数据的程序被视为行业标准。此外，它们代表了通常应保留的有效数字。 所使用的程序不考虑材料变化、获取数据的目的、特殊目的研究或用户目标的任何考虑因素；并且通常的做法是增加或减少所报告数据的有效数字以与这些考虑相称。考虑工程设计分析方法中使用的有效数字超出了这些测试方法的范围。 1.9 此实践提供了一套用于执行一个或多个特定操作的说明。本文件不能取代教育或经验，应与专业判断结合使用。并非此做法的所有方面都适用于所有情况。本ASTM标准并不代表或取代必须判断特定专业服务是否充分的护理标准，也不应在不考虑项目许多独特方面的情况下应用本文件。 本文件标题中的“标准”一词仅表示该文件已通过ASTM共识程序批准。 1.10 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ===意义和用途====== 4.1 根据试验方法对土壤进行的压实试验 D698 ， D1557 ， D4253 和 D7382 对测试中可能使用的颗粒的最大尺寸进行限制。如果土壤中含有鹅卵石或砾石，或两者兼而有之，则可选择试验选项，以丢弃保留在特定筛网上的颗粒（例如4.75-mm【4号】、19mm[ 3. / 4. -英寸]或其他合适的尺寸）和对更细的部分进行的测试。 试验确定的单位重量含水量关系反映了实际试验材料的特性，而不是获得试样的总土壤材料的特性。 4.2 通常的工程实践是使用实验室压实试验来设计、规范和施工控制土方施工中使用的土壤。如果建筑中使用的土壤含有大颗粒，并且只有较细的部分用于实验室测试，则需要采用某种方法来校正实验室测试结果，以反映总土壤的特性。该实践提供了一个数学方程，用于校正土壤细粒的单位重量和含水量，并通过测试来确定总土壤的单位重量与含水量。 4.3 类似地，如测试方法中所用 D1556/D1556米 ， D2167 ， D6938 ， D7698 和 D7830/D7830米 这种做法提供了一种方法来校正现场压实的总土壤样品的单位重量和含水量，以便将其值与实验室压实的细粒度的值进行比较。 注2: 本标准产生的结果的质量取决于执行该标准的人员的能力以及所用设备和设施的适用性。符合实践标准的机构 D3740 通常被认为能够胜任和客观的测试/取样/检查等。本标准的使用者应注意遵守实践 D3740 本身并不能确保可靠的结果。可靠的结果取决于许多因素；实践 D3740 提供了评估其中一些因素的方法。 注3: 当本规程用于施工控制时，使用机构应规定用于参考的最大单位重量值是包括过大粒级的单位重量还是细粒级的单位质量。 基于此校正实践的压实百分比计算值将根据参考的单位重量值而变化。

1.1 This practice presents a procedure for calculating the unit weights and water contents of soils containing oversize particles when the data are known for the soil fraction with the oversize particles removed. 1.2 This practice also can be used to calculate the unit weights and water contents of soil fractions when the data are known for the total soil sample containing oversize particles. 1.3 This practice is based on tests performed on soils and soil-rock mixtures in which the portion considered oversize is that fraction of the material retained on the 4.75-mm [No. 4] sieve. Based on these tests, this practice is applicable to soils and soil-rock mixtures in which up to 40 % of the material is retained on the 4.75-mm [No. 4] sieve. The practice also is considered valid when the oversize fraction is that portion retained on some other sieve, but the limiting percentage of oversize particles for which the correction is valid may be lower. However, the practice is considered valid for materials having up to 30 % oversize particles when the oversize fraction is that portion retained on the 19-mm [ 3 / 4 -in.] sieve. 1.4 The factor controlling the maximum permissible percentage of oversize particles is whether interference between the oversize particles affects the unit weight of the finer fraction. For some gradations, this interference may begin to occur at lower percentages of oversize particles, so the limiting percentage must be lower for these materials to avoid inaccuracies in the computed correction. The person or agency using this practice shall determine whether a lower percentage is to be used. 1.5 This practice may be applied to soils with any percentage of oversize particles subject to the limitations given in 1.3 and 1.4 . However, the correction may not be of practical significance for soils with only small percentages of oversize particles. The person or agency specifying this practice shall specify a minimum percentage of oversize particles below which the practice need not be applied. If a minimum percentage is not specified, 5 % shall be used. 1.6 This practice may not be applicable to soil-rock mixtures which degrade under field compaction. 1.7 Units— The values stated in either SI Units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.7.1 It is common practice in the engineering profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and a force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate systems of units; that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. This standard has been written using the gravitational system of units when dealing with the inch-pound system. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight). However, the use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or the recording of density in lbm/ft 3 shall not be regarded as a non conformance with this standard. Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11 . The alternative designation given in brackets is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size. 1.8 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026 . 1.8.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user‘s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design. 1.9 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Compaction tests on soils performed in accordance with Test Methods D698 , D1557 , D4253 , and D7382 place limitations on the maximum size of particles that may be used in the test. If a soil contains cobbles or gravel, or both, test options may be selected which result in particles retained on a specific sieve being discarded (for example the 4.75-mm [No. 4], the 19-mm [ 3 / 4 -in.] or other appropriate size) and the test performed on the finer fraction. The unit weight-water content relations determined by the tests reflect the characteristics of the actual material tested, and not the characteristics of the total soil material from which the test specimen was obtained. 4.2 It is common engineering practice to use laboratory compaction tests for the design, specification, and construction control of soils used in earth construction. If a soil used in construction contains large particles, and only the finer fraction is used for laboratory tests, some method of correcting the laboratory test results to reflect the characteristics of the total soil is needed. This practice provides a mathematical equation for correcting the unit weight and water content of the finer fraction of a soil, tested to determine the unit weight and water content of the total soil. 4.3 Similarly, as utilized in Test Methods D1556/D1556M , D2167 , D6938 , D7698 , and D7830/D7830M , this practice provides a means for correcting the unit weight and water content of field compacted samples of the total soil, so that values can be compared with those for a laboratory compacted finer fraction. Note 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors. Note 3: When this practice is used for construction control, the using agency should specify whether the maximum unit weight value used for reference is the unit weight including oversize fraction or the unit weight of the finer fraction. Calculated values of percent compaction based on this correction practice will vary depending on which unit weight value is used for reference.