1.1 本指南的目的是提供信息，供想要选择和使用量表来测量消费者或经过培训的评估师的反应的感官和消费者科学家审查和考虑。为了便于阅读，当陈述适用于感官科学家和消费者科学家时，整个指南中使用了感官科学家一词。 1.2 本指南涵盖了天平的简要定义以及感官和消费者科学家在使用天平时应注意的一些基本和实际挑战。它还提供了感官评价和消费品研究领域最常用的量表列表和描述，以及这些量表的分类框架。 1.3 本指南的范围仅限于当评估员为一个刺激、对刺激的感知或内部态度/意见指定一个符号/值时，感官和消费科学专业人员对评级量表的选择和使用。 它不包括: 1.3.1 从评分表中获得的数据分析细节， 1.3.2 问卷设计指南，包括属性选择， 1.3.3 测量基础，如信度和效度， 1.3.4 用于将尺度响应转换为未观察到的感官或享乐量的测量的测量模型， 1.3.5 评估员为一组刺激分配符号/值的任务， 1.3.6 排名，以及 1.3.7 多项目比例。 1.4 单位- 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.5 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 评级工具或评级量表通常用于许多领域，如感官评估、营销研究、实验心理学、调查研究和经济学，其中有兴趣量化感知，如喜欢、偏好、购买兴趣水平、属性强度、差异程度或与陈述的一致程度。本指南涉及用于记录人类对物理刺激的反应而不是测量物理实体的量表。 许多类型的评分量表已经存在，并已用于上述领域。具体的评分量表各有其特点、优缺点。一些评级标准适用于特定的应用，而另一些则有更广泛的应用。一些评分量表已被广泛研究和建模，并具有公认的特性。 4.2 考虑到从业者在设计研究时可以使用大量的量表，研究人员有必要了解可用的量表以及围绕其使用和应用的许多注意事项。本指南将对想要使用量表作为工作测量工具的感官研究人员有用。选择正确的量表是实现研究目标和得出有效结论的关键步骤。

1.1 The objective of this guide is to provide information to be reviewed and considered by the sensory and consumer scientist who wants to select and use scales to measure responses from consumers or trained assessors. For ease of reading, the term sensory scientist is used throughout the guide when statements apply to the sensory and consumer scientists. 1.2 This guide covers a brief definition of scales as well as some fundamental and practical challenges the sensory and consumer scientists should be aware of when using scales. It also provides a list and a description of the most commonly used scales in the field of sensory evaluation and consumer product research along with a classification framework for these scales. 1.3 The scope of this guide is limited to the sensory and consumer science professional’s selection and use of rating scales when an assessor assigns one symbol/value to one stimulus, to their perception of a stimulus or an internal attitude/opinion. It does not cover: 1.3.1 Details of analysis of data obtained from rating scales, 1.3.2 Guidelines for questionnaire design including attribute selection, 1.3.3 Fundamentals of measurement such as reliability and validity, 1.3.4 Measurement models used to convert scale responses into measures of unobserved sensory or hedonic quantities, 1.3.5 Tasks in which the assessor assigns a symbol/value to a group of stimuli, 1.3.6 Rankings, and 1.3.7 Multi-item scales. 1.4 Units— The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Rating instruments or rating scales are commonly used in many areas such as sensory evaluation, marketing research, experimental psychology, survey research, and economics in which there is interest in quantifying perceptions such as liking, preference, level of purchase interest, intensity of an attribute, degree of difference, or level of agreement with statements. This guide is concerned with the scales that are used to record human responses to physical stimuli rather than measuring physical entities. Many types of rating scales already exist and have been used in the above fields. Specific rating scales each have their own properties, advantages, and disadvantages. Some rating scales are intended for specific applications, while others have broader applications. Some rating scales have been extensively studied and modeled and have well-established properties. 4.2 Given the overwhelming number of scales available to practitioners when designing research, it is necessary for the researcher to have some knowledge about the scales that are available along with the many considerations that surround their use and applications. This guide will be useful to the sensory researcher who wants to use a scale as a measuring tool for their work. Selecting the right scale is a critical step towards meeting the research objective and making valid conclusions.