在一个无人居住的独户住宅中安装了一台空对空热泵，并在为期两年的测试中运行，以表征由于循环、结霜和除霜导致的容量和效率的动态损失。在供暖季节，除霜损失占总能耗的10.2%（不包括辅助电阻加热），结霜损失占3.7%。启动瞬态损耗为8.5%，非周期寄生为3.3%。加热循环降解系数Cd估计为0.26。热泵的冷却模式稳态性能低于制造商的额定值，原因很可能是制冷剂泄漏量小，导致轻微的充量不足。 然而，使用现场测量的性能作为稳态基础，发现启动瞬态损耗占总能耗的2.8%，非循环寄生占4.4%。在此基础上，冷却系数估计为0.11。单位:双引文:研讨会，ASHRAE交易，1985年，第91卷，pt。你好，檀香山2B

An air-to-air heat pump was installed in an unoccupied single-family residence and operated in a two-year test to characterize dynamic losses in capacity and efficiency due to cycling, frosting, and defrosting. During the heating season, defrosting losses were responsible for 10.2% of the total energy consumption (excluding supplemental electric resistance heating), frosting losses for 3.7%. start-up transient losses for 8.5%, and off-cycle parasitics for 3.3%. The heating cyclic degradation factor, Cd, was estimated to be 0.26. Cooling mode steady-state performance of the heat pump was degraded from the manufacturer's ratings due most likely to a small refrigerant leak resulting in a slight charge deficiency. However, using the site-measured performance as the steady-state base, it was found that start-up transient losses accounted for 2.8% of the total energy use and off-cycle parasitics for 4.4%. The cooling Cdwas estimated to be 0.11 on this basis.Units: Dual