1.1 本指南涵盖了用于地质环境勘探和地下水质监测装置安装的电缆工具钻孔和采样程序。 1.2 有几种采样方法可用于从钻孔中获取样品，用于地质环境和后续实验室测试。应根据所需的样本类型和研究现场观察到的地质水文条件选择特定的钻井程序。 1.3 地质环境勘探的钻井程序通常涉及安全规划、管理和文件。本指南无意专门论述勘探和现场安全。 注1: 本指南不包括岩土工程现场特征的考虑因素。 1.4 以国际单位制或英寸-磅单位表示的数值应单独视为标准值。每个系统中规定的值可能不是精确的等效值； 因此，每个系统应相互独立使用。将两个系统的值合并可能会导致不符合标准。 1.5 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本指南提供了有组织的信息收集或一系列选项，并不推荐具体的行动方案。本文件不能取代教育或经验，应与专业判断一起使用。并非本指南的所有方面都适用于所有情况。本ASTM标准不代表或取代必须根据其判断给定专业服务的充分性的谨慎标准，也不应在不考虑项目的许多独特方面的情况下应用本文件。 本文件标题中的“标准”一词仅表示该文件已通过ASTM共识程序获得批准。 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 电缆工具钻机（也称为搅拌钻机、水井钻机、开钻或冲击钻机）用于油田和水井行业。大约4000年前，中国人发明了打击乐。 4.2 电缆工具钻探和取样方法可用于支持地质环境勘探，并在未固结和固结材料中安装地下水质监测装置。 基于电缆工具的优点，可以选择电缆工具钻孔和取样，而不是其他方法，其中一些方法具有高流动性、低用水、低运行成本和低维护等优点。电缆工具钻进是最广泛使用的套管推进方法，仅限于松散沉积物和较软岩石的钻进。 4.2.1 电缆工具钻探和采样在地质环境勘探中的应用可能涉及对松散材料进行采样。钻孔深度可能超过900 m[3000 ft]，并可能受到连接到大卷筒的电缆长度的限制。然而，大多数用于地质环境勘探的钻孔很少需要钻到那么深。电缆工具钻孔和采样的速率可以从7.5到9米/小时[25到30英尺/小时]的一般平均值变化，包括200毫米[8英寸]套管直径应大大小于该直径，具体取决于所钻材料的类型、所用设备和钻机的类型和条件。 注2: 一般来说，电缆工具钻机用于对表层沉积物（即覆盖层）进行采样，并设置表层套管，以便在需要取芯的情况下，随后可以在钻孔上设置旋转取芯钻机，以对坚硬岩石进行取芯。 注3: 本标准产生的结果的质量取决于执行该标准的人员的能力，以及所用设备和设施的适用性。符合实践标准的机构 D3740 通常认为能够胜任和客观的测试/采样/评估/等。本标准的用户应注意遵守惯例 D3740 本身并不能保证可靠的结果。可靠的结果取决于许多因素；实践 D3740 提供了一种评估其中一些因素的方法。 4.2.2 电缆工具钻机可用于促进地下水质监测装置的安装，包括现场测试装置。 当套管从钻孔中移除时，可通过套管安装监测装置。砂线可用于提升、降低或设置原位测试装置。如有必要，套管也可作为装置的一部分留在钻孔中。 注4: 用户可在同一钻孔内安装监测装置，在该钻孔内进行采样、现场或孔隙流体测试或取芯。

1.1 This guide covers cable-tool drilling and sampling procedures used for geoenvironmental exploration and installation of subsurface water quality monitoring devices. 1.2 Several sampling methods exist for obtaining samples from drill holes for geoenvironmental purposes and subsequent laboratory testing. Selection of a particular drilling procedure should be made on the basis of sample types needed and geohydrologic conditions observed at the study site. 1.3 Drilling procedures for geoenvironmental exploration often will involve safety planning, administration and documentation. This guide does not purport to specifically address exploration and site safety. Note 1: This guide does not include considerations for geotechnical site characterizations. 1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Cable-tool rigs (also referred to as churn rigs, water-well drilling rigs, spudders, or percussion rigs) are used in the oil fields and in the water-well industry. The Chinese developed the percussion method some 4,000 years ago. 4.2 Cable-tool drilling and sampling methods may be used in support of geoenvironmental exploration and for installation of subsurface water quality monitoring devices in both unconsolidated and consolidated materials. Cable-tool drilling and sampling may be selected over other methods based on its advantages, some of which are its high mobility, low water use, low operating cost, and low maintenance. Cable-tool drilling is the most widely available casing-advancement method that is restricted to the drilling of unconsolidated sediment and softer rocks. 4.2.1 The application of cable-tool drilling and sampling to geoenvironmental exploration may involve sampling unconsolidated materials. Depth of drill holes may exceed 900 m [3000 ft] and may be limited by the length of cable attached to the bull reel. However, most drill holes for geoenvironmental exploration rarely are needed to go that deep. Rates for cable-tool drilling and sampling can vary from a general average of as much as 7.5 to 9 m/h [25 to 30 ft/h] including setting 200 mm [8 in.] diameter casing to considerably less than that depending on the type(s) of material drilled, and the type and condition of the equipment and rig used. Note 2: As a general rule, cable-tool rigs are used to sample the surficial sediments (that is, overburden), and to set surface casing in order that rotary-core rigs subsequently may be set up on the drill hole to core drill hard rock if coring is needed. Note 3: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/evaluation/and the like. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors. 4.2.2 The cable-tool rig may be used to facilitate the installation of a subsurface water quality monitoring device(s) including in situ testing devices. The monitoring device(s) may be installed through the casing as the casing is removed from the borehole. The sand line can be used to raise, lower, or set in situ testing device(s). If necessary, the casing may also be left in the borehole as part of the device. Note 4: The user may install a monitoring device within the same borehole wherein sampling, in situ, or pore-fluid testing, or coring was performed.