1.1 这些试验方法包括估算钢脱碳深度的程序，与成分、基体微观结构或截面形状无关。可以使用以下基本程序: 1.1.1 筛选方法。 1.1.2 显微镜方法。 1.1.3 显微压痕硬度法。 1.1.4 化学分析方法。 1.2 如有争议，采用严格的定量或线性分析方法（见 7.3.5 和 7.3.6 )应为仲裁方法。这些方法可用于任何横截面形状。化学分析方法通常比显微镜方法显示出更大的脱碳深度，但仅限于某些简单形状和设备可用性。这些技术通常保留用于研究。 显微压痕硬度法适用于具有相对均匀微观结构的硬化结构的精确测量。 1.3 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.4 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.5 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 这些测试方法用于检测由于高温加热（如热加工或热处理）而导致的碳含量表面损失。 5.2 此类测试结果可用于根据买方和制造商之间商定的指南对材料进行装运鉴定，用于指导加工余量，或评估加工对脱碳趋势的影响。 5.3 筛选试验是一种简单、快速、低成本的试验，旨在将未脱碳样品与明显脱碳的样品分离。根据此类试验的结果，可酌情使用其他程序。 5.4 显微镜测试需要金相抛光横截面，以合理准确地确定脱碳的深度和性质。 可以使用几种方法来估计脱碳深度。每种方法的统计精度随所花费的工作量而变化。 5.5 显微压痕硬度法用于抛光横截面，最适用于具有合理均匀微观结构的硬化试样。该程序可用于定义达到特定最小硬度的深度或达到均匀硬度的深度。 5.6 化学分析方法仅限于形状简单、均匀的试样，并基于增量车削分析或以固定增量铣削后的分析。 5.7 显微镜试验通常用于确定材料的预期用途、规范验收、制造控制、开发或研究的适用性。

1.1 These test methods cover procedures for estimating the depth of decarburization of steels irrespective of the composition, matrix microstructure, or section shape. The following basic procedures may be used: 1.1.1 Screening methods. 1.1.2 Microscopical methods. 1.1.3 Microindentation hardness methods. 1.1.4 Chemical analysis methods. 1.2 In case of a dispute, the rigorous quantitative or lineal analysis method (see 7.3.5 and 7.3.6 ) shall be the referee method. These methods can be employed with any cross-sectional shape. The chemical analytical methods generally reveal a greater depth of decarburization than the microscopical methods but are limited to certain simple shapes and by availability of equipment. These techniques are generally reserved for research studies. The microindentation hardness method is suitable for accurate measurements of hardened structures with relatively homogeneous microstructures. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 These test methods are used to detect surface losses in carbon content due to heating at elevated temperatures, as in hot working or heat treatment. 5.2 Results of such tests may be used to qualify material for shipment according to agreed upon guidelines between purchaser and manufacturer, for guidance as to machining allowances, or to assess the influence of processing upon decarburization tendency. 5.3 Screening tests are simple, fast, low-cost tests designed to separate non-decarburized samples from those with appreciable decarburization. Based on the results of such tests, the other procedures may be utilized as applicable. 5.4 Microscopical tests require a metallographically polished cross section to permit reasonably accurate determination of the depth and nature of the decarburization present. Several methods may be employed for estimation of the depth of decarburization. The statistical accuracy of each varies with the amount of effort expended. 5.5 Microindentation hardness methods are employed on polished cross sections and are most suitable for hardened specimens with reasonably uniform microstructures. This procedure can be used to define the depth to a specific minimum hardness or the depth to a uniform hardness. 5.6 Chemical analytical methods are limited to specimens with simple, uniform shapes and are based on analysis of incremental turnings or after milling at fixed increments. 5.7 Microscopical tests are generally satisfactory for determining the suitability of material for intended use, specification acceptance, manufacturing control, development, or research.