这张幻灯片概述了南加州进口供水的信息，以及未来需要如何进行海水淡化以补充长滩市的供水。反渗透的“传统”海水淡化方法成本高昂；因此，一种新工艺正在开发中，它使用双通纳滤（NF²）。介绍了使用这种过滤的水质问题，特别是用氟化物去除硼。研究发现，碱加成可用于NF2工艺 用于硼控制，资本成本最低。还讨论了氟化物的添加。

This slide presentation outlines information on Southern California's imported water supply and how seawater desalination will be necessary in the future to supplement the water supply for the City of Long Beach. The "traditional" seawater desalination method of reverse osmosis was found to be cost prohibitive; therefore, a new process is being developed that uses 2-pass Nanofiltration (NF²). Water quality concerns from using this kind of filtration are presented, in particular Boron removal with fluoride. The study found that base addition can be used with the NF2 process for boron control, with minimal capital cost. Fluoride addition is also discussed.