1.1 本试验方法涵盖在规定的预处理、温度、湿度和试验机速度条件下进行试验时，使用均匀标称宽度的试样测定热固性增强塑料的拉伸性能。 注1: 迄今为止，这种试验方法的经验仅限于玻璃增强热固性塑料。其他材料的适用性有待确定。 1.2 本试验方法用于测试任何厚度不超过14 mm（0.55 in.）的材料。 注2: 本试验方法不包括精确的物理程序。众所周知，常数- 十字头移动速率-从理论角度来看，这类测试还有很多需要改进的地方，十字头移动速率和试样上量规标记之间的应变速率可能存在很大差异，并且规定的测试速度掩盖了塑性状态下材料的重要效应特征。此外，应认识到，这些程序允许的试样厚度变化会导致此类试样的表面体积比变化，并且这些变化可能会影响试验结果。因此，在需要直接可比结果的情况下，所有样品的厚度应相等。 如果需要更精确的物理数据，应使用特殊的附加测试。 注3: 本试验方法用于测试厚度大于14 mm（0.55 in.）的材料不建议使用。对于钢筋数量和方向均匀的材料，可以通过机加工减少厚度，但通常不建议这样做。 1.3 通过本试验方法获得的试验数据相关且适用于工程设计。 1.4 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。括号中的英寸-磅单位仅供参考。 1.5 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全和健康实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 注4: 本标准和ISO 527-4涉及相同的主题，但技术内容不同。 （a） 本试验方法不包括ISO 527-4中所述的I型狗骨形试样的试验。试验方法中描述了主要用于增强和未增强热塑性材料的此类试样的试验 D638 . （b） 本试验方法中的试样厚度包括ISO 527-4中2 mm至10 mm的厚度范围，但将允许的试验厚度扩展至14 mm。 （c） ISO 527-4允许在试样的凸耳中使用孔，而本标准不允许。 （d） 这两个标准对抗拉强度和模量的定义不同。 注5: 对于定向连续或不连续高模量>20 GPa（>3.0×10）增强的树脂基复合材料的拉伸性能 6. -psi）纤维，应根据试验方法进行试验 D3039/D3039M 或ISO 527第5部分。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 本试验方法用于纤维增强热固性层压板的拉伸试验。增强和非增强注塑热塑性塑料的试验方法 D638 建议使用。对于大多数单向纤维增强层压板，试验方法 D3039/D3039M 是首选。 4.2 本试验方法旨在产生用于质量控制和研发的拉伸性能数据。报告影响拉伸性能的所有因素，例如:材料、材料和试样制备方法、试样调节、测试环境、测试速度、孔隙含量和钢筋体积百分比。 参见第节 12 报告要求。 4.3 人们认识到，如果不指定材料的制备方法，则无法对材料进行测试。因此，当需要对材料本身进行比较试验时，必须尽最大努力确保以完全相同的方式制备所有样品，除非试验包括样品制备的影响。同样，为了进行鉴定或在任何给定系列样本内进行比较，必须注意确保在制备、处理和处理细节方面达到最大程度的一致性。 注6: 增强热固性塑料的制备技术见ISO 1268中适用于层压板制造技术的部分。 4.4 由于许多增强塑料对应变率和环境条件表现出高度的敏感性，因此通过本试验方法获得的数据不能被视为适用于与本试验方法不同的负载时间尺度或环境的应用。在这种不同的情况下，无法对大多数塑料的可用性极限进行可靠估计。这种对应变率和环境的敏感性需要在广泛的负载下进行测试- 时间尺度（包括冲击和蠕变）和环境条件范围。 注7: 由于塑料（如许多其他有机材料和许多金属）中是否存在真正的弹性极限是有争议的，因此在其引用的普遍接受的定义中应用术语“弹性模量”来描述塑料材料的“刚度”或应力应变特性的适当性在很大程度上取决于应力施加速率、温度、，然而，按照本试验方法测定的塑料应力-应变曲线几乎总是在低应力下显示线性区域。 与这部分曲线相切的直线允许计算通常定义类型的弹性模量。如果实现了该常数的任意性以及对时间、温度和类似因素的依赖性，则该常数是有用的。 4.5 对于某些材料，有一些规范要求使用该试验方法，但在遵守规范时，一些程序修改优先。因此，建议在使用本试验方法之前参考该材料规范。分类表1 D4000 列出了当前存在的ASTM材料标准。

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tensile properties of thermosetting reinforced plastics using test specimens of uniform nominal width when tested under defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature, humidity, and testing-machine speed. Note 1: Experience with this test method to date has been limited to glass-reinforced thermosets. Applicability to other materials remains to be determined. 1.2 This test method is used for testing materials of any thickness up to 14 mm (0.55 in.). Note 2: This test method is not intended to cover precise physical procedures. It is recognized that the constant-rate-of-crosshead-movement type of test leaves much to be desired from a theoretical standpoint, that wide differences may exist between rate-of-crosshead movement and rate of strain between gauge marks on the specimen, and that the testing speeds specified disguise important effects characteristic of materials in the plastic state. Further, it is realized that variations in the thicknesses of test specimens that are permitted by these procedures, produce variations in the surface-volume ratios of such specimens, and that these variations may influence the test results. Hence, where directly comparable results are desired, all samples should be of equal thickness. Special additional tests should be used where more precise physical data are needed. Note 3: Use of this test method for testing materials of thicknesses greater than 14 mm (0.55 in.) is not recommended. Reducing the thickness by machining may be acceptable for materials of uniform reinforcement amount and direction, but is generally not recommended. 1.3 Test data obtained by this test method is relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 4: This standard and ISO 527-4 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content. (a) This test method does not include testing of the Type I dogbone shaped specimen described in ISO 527-4. Testing of this type of specimen, primarily used for reinforced and un-reinforced thermoplastic materials, is described in Test Method D638 . (b) The thickness of test specimens in this test method includes the 2 mm to 10 mm thickness range of ISO 527-4, but expands the allowable test thickness to 14 mm. (c) ISO 527-4 allows for the use of holes in the tabs of the test specimen while this standard does not. (d) The definitions for tensile strength and modulus differ between these two standards. Note 5: For tensile properties of resin-matrix composites reinforced with oriented continuous or discontinuous high modulus > 20-GPa (> 3.0 × 10 6 -psi) fibers, tests shall be made in accordance with Test Method D3039/D3039M or ISO 527 Part 5. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 This test method is intended for tensile testing of fiber-reinforced thermosetting laminates. For injection molded thermoplastics, both reinforced and unreinforced, Test Method D638 is recommended. For most unidirectional fiber reinforced laminates, Test Methods D3039/D3039M is preferred. 4.2 This test method is designed to produce tensile property data for quality control and research and development. Report all factors that influence the tensile properties, such as: material, methods of material and specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, test environment, speed of testing, void content, and volume percent reinforcement. See Section 12 for reporting requirements. 4.3 It is realized that a material cannot be tested without also specifying the method of preparation of that material. Hence, when comparative tests of materials per se are desired, the greatest care must be exercised to ensure that all samples are prepared in exactly the same way, unless the test is to include the effects of sample preparation. Similarly, for referee purposes or comparisons within any given series of specimen, care must be taken to secure the maximum degree of uniformity in details of preparation, treatment, and handling. Note 6: Preparation techniques for reinforced thermosetting plastics can be found in the part of ISO 1268 appropriate to the manufacturing technique for the laminate. 4.4 Because of the high degree of sensitivity exhibited by many reinforced plastics to rate of straining and environmental conditions, data obtained by this test method cannot be considered valid for applications involving load-time scales or environments widely different from those of this test method. In cases of such dissimilarity, no reliable estimation of the limit of usefulness can be made for most plastics. This sensitivity to rate of straining and environment necessitates testing over a broad load-time scale (including impact and creep) and range of environmental conditions. Note 7: Since the existence of a true elastic limit in plastics (as in many other organic materials and in many metals) is debatable, the propriety of applying the term “elastic modulus” in its quoted generally accepted definition to describe the “stiffness” or stress-strain characteristics of plastic materials is highly dependent on such factors as rate of application of stress, temperature, previous history of specimen, etc. However, stress-strain curves for plastics, determined as described in this test method, almost always show a linear region at low stresses. A straight line drawn tangent to this portion of the curve permits calculation of an elastic modulus of the usually defined type. Such a constant is useful if its arbitrary nature and dependence on time, temperature, and similar factors are realized. 4.5 For some materials, there are specifications that require the use of this test method, but with some procedural modifications that take precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that material specification before using this test method. Table 1 of Classification D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.