对生活在饮用水分配系统中的微生物的描述已经普遍存在 使用偏向于易于培养的细菌种群的技术进行了研究。像 大多数环境微生物都不能在人工培养基上生长，这一点已被科学家们所理解 饮用水的微生物群落结构非常有限。绕过一些 与培养技术相关的问题，16S rRNA基因克隆的序列分析 本研究使用了图书馆。从水样中提取基因组DNA 分布系统（WDS）内的采样点，并用于开发16S rRNA基因 克隆库。从供水系统内的区域采集水样 两个不同的原水来源。本研究分析了2300多个16S rDNA克隆 共有31个不同的网站。系统发育分析表明，a-蛋白细菌和放线菌 占受检克隆总数的90%以上。一般来说，类似的细菌群 在接收地下水和地表水源的现场观察到的结果表明 氯化是形成整个微生物群落的重要选择力 结构虽然普通细菌群的群落相似，但也有一些 在更精细的系统发育水平上的差异。这很重要，因为它表明 来源和处理技术可以针对不同的人群进行选择。 因为 这些克隆与尚未培养的细菌有关，在许多情况下与新的细菌有关 结果进一步证实了发展非培养方法的必要性，以更好地识别饮用水并研究其原位时空动态。包括36篇参考文献、图表。

The description of microorganisms inhabiting drinking water distribution systems has commonly been performed using techniques that are biased towards easy to culture bacterial populations. As most environmental microorganisms cannot be grown on artificial media, the understanding of the microbial community structure of drinking water is very limited. To circumvent some of the problems associated with culture-based techniques, sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene clone libraries was used in this study. Genomic DNA was extracted from bulk phase water from sampling sites within the distribution systems (WDS), and used to develop 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. Water samples were collected from areas within the distribution system fed by two distinct raw water sources. Over 2300 16S rDNA clones were analyzed in this study from a total of 31 different sites. Phylogenetic analyses showed that a-Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria represented more than 90% of the total clones examined. In general, similar bacterial groups were observed in sites receiving groundwater and surface water sources suggesting that chlorination is an important selective force in shaping up the overall microbial community structure. While the communities were similar at the general bacterial group, there were some differences at finer phylogenetic levels. This is important as it suggests that differences in the sources and treatment technologies could select for different populations. Since more than half of the clones were associated with yet to be cultured bacteria, and in many cases with novel bacterial groups, the results further substantiate the need for the development of culture-independent methods to better identify drinking water and to study their in situ spatial temporal dynamics. Includes 36 references, figures.