前言:信息技术部门的标准制定与国际标准制定相协调。加拿大人通过CSA信息技术技术委员会（TCIT）担任加拿大标准委员会（SCC）的ISO/IEC信息技术联合技术委员会（ISO/IEC JTC1）加拿大咨询委员会（CAC），该委员会是加拿大的ISO成员机构，也是IEC加拿大国家委员会的发起人。此外，作为国际电信联盟（ITU）的成员，加拿大还参加了国际电报和电话咨询委员会（ITU-T）。经营范围:POSIX。1-2008定义了标准操作系统接口和环境，包括命令解释器（或“shell”）和通用实用程序，以支持源代码级别的应用程序可移植性。 它旨在供应用程序开发人员和系统实现人员使用。POSIX。1-2008包括四个主要部分（每个部分都在相关卷中）:1。POSIX所有卷通用的通用术语、概念和接口。1-2008，包括实用程序约定和C语言标题定义，包含在POSIX的基本定义卷中。1-2008.2. POSIX的系统接口卷中包括系统服务函数和子例程的定义、C编程语言的特定语言系统服务、功能问题，包括可移植性、错误处理和错误恢复。1-2008.3. POSIX的shell and Utilities卷中包含了命令解释服务（简称“shell”）的标准源代码级接口和应用程序的通用实用程序的定义。 1-2008.4. 扩展的基本原理不适合文档结构的其余部分，包含与POSIX内容有关的历史信息。1-2008以及标准开发人员为什么包含或放弃功能，都包含在POSIX的基本原理（信息）卷中。1-2008.以下区域不在POSIX的范围内。1-2008:图形界面数据库管理系统界面记录I/O考虑对象或二进制代码可移植性系统配置和资源可用性第六。1-2008描述了对应用程序开发人员非常重要的外部特征和设施，而不是用于实现这些功能的内部构造技术。 特别强调各种商业应用所需的功能和设施。POSIX中提供的设施。1-2008选自以下基础文件:IEEE Std 1003.1，2004版（POSIX-1）（包括IEEE Std 1003.1-2001、IEEE Std 1003.1-2001/Cor 1-2002和IEEE Std 1003.1-2001/Cor 2-2004）开放组技术标准，2006年，扩展API集第1部分开放组技术标准，2006年，扩展API集第2部分开放组技术标准，2006年，扩展API集第3部分开放组技术标准，2006，扩展API集第4部分ISO/IEC 9899:1999，编程语言-C，包括ISO/IEC 9899:1999/Cor.1:2001（E），ISO/IEC 9899: 1999/Cor.2:2004（E）和ISO/IEC 9899:1999/Cor.3强调了现有用户的现有实践标准化，变更和添加仅限于纠正以下领域的缺陷:奥斯汀集团缺陷报告提出的问题、IEEE对IEEE Std 1003.1的解释，针对ISO/IEC 9945的ISO/IEC缺陷报告，开放组技术标准勘误表中提出的问题，以及开放组决议中提出的ISO TR 24715:2006引起的问题，POSIX和LSB之间的冲突，以使文本与基础文件中标记为遗留或过时的附加材料合并特征自一致，在本版本中，已考虑删除ISO/IEC 9899标准中选项的审查和重组: 1999年标准，包括ISO/IEC 9899:1999/Cor.2:2004（E）

Preface:Standards development within the Information Technology sector is harmonized with international standards development. Through the CSA Technical Committee on Information Technology (TCIT), Canadians serve as the Canadian Advisory Committee (CAC) on ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1 on Information Technology (ISO/IEC JTC1) for the Standards Council of Canada (SCC), the ISO member body for Canada and sponsor of the Canadian National Committee of the IEC. Also, as a member of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), Canada participates in the International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (ITU-T).Scope:POSIX.1-2008 defines a standard operating system interface and environment, including a command interpreter (or "shell"), and common utility programs to support applications portability at the source code level. It is intended to be used by both application developers and system implementors. POSIX.1-2008 comprises four major components (each in an associated volume):1. General terms, concepts, and interfaces common to all volumes of POSIX.1-2008, including utility conventions and C-language header definitions, are included in the Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1-2008.2. Definitions for system service functions and subroutines, language-specific system services for the C programming language, function issues, including portability, error handling, and error recovery, are included in the System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1-2008.3. Definitions for a standard source code-level interface to command interpretation services (a "shell") and common utility programs for application programs are included in the Shell and Utilities volume of POSIX.1-2008.4. Extended rationale that did not fit well into the rest of the document structure, containing historical information concerning the contents of POSIX.1-2008 and why features were included or discarded by the standard developers, is included in the Rationale (Informative) volume of POSIX.1-2008.The following areas are outside of the scope of POSIX.1-2008:Graphics interfacesDatabase management system interfacesRecord I/O considerationsObject or binary code portabilitySystem configuration and resource availabilityPOSIX.1-2008 describes the external characteristics and facilities that are of importance to application developers, rather than the internal construction techniques employed to achieve these capabilities. Special emphasis is placed on those functions and facilities that are needed in a wide variety of commercial applications.The facilities provided in POSIX.1-2008 are drawn from the following base documents:IEEE Std 1003.1, 2004 Edition (POSIX-1) (incorporating IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, IEEE Std 1003.1-2001/Cor 1-2002, and IEEE Std 1003.1-2001/Cor 2-2004)The Open Group Technical Standard, 2006, Extended API Set Part 1The Open Group Technical Standard, 2006, Extended API Set Part 2The Open Group Technical Standard, 2006, Extended API Set Part 3The Open Group Technical Standard, 2006, Extended API Set Part 4ISO/IEC 9899: 1999, Programming Languages - C, including ISO/IEC 9899: 1999/Cor.1: 2001(E), ISO/IEC 9899: 1999/Cor.2: 2004(E), and ISO/IEC 9899: 1999/Cor.3Emphasis has been placed on standardizing existing practice for existing users, with changes and additions limited to correcting deficiencies in the following areas:Issues raised by Austin Group defect reports, IEEE Interpretations against IEEE Std 1003.1, and ISO/IEC defect reports against ISO/IEC 9945Issues raised in corrigenda for The Open Group Technical Standards and working group resolutions from The Open GroupIssues arising from ISO TR 24715: 2006, Conflicts between POSIX and the LSBChanges to make the text self-consistent with the additional material mergedFeatures, marked Legacy or obsolescent in the base documents, have been considered for removal in this versionA review and reorganization of the options within the standardAlignment with the ISO/IEC 9899: 1999 standard, including ISO/IEC 9899: 1999/Cor.2: 2004(E)