1.1 本试验方法旨在根据预期的参考光谱辐照度分布（如表格）对主要地面光伏参考电池进行校准和表征 G173页 . 规范中描述了这些参考电池的推荐物理要求 E1040 . 参考电池主要用于测定光伏器件的电气性能。 1.2 使用电池的相对量子效率、阳光的相对光谱分布和表格参考光谱辐照度分布，在自然阳光下校准初级光伏参考电池。参考光谱辐照度分布的选择留给用户。 1.3 本试验方法要求使用根据试验方法校准的日射强度计 E816 ，这需要使用可追溯到世界辐射基准（WRR）的太阳热量计。因此，根据本试验方法校准的参考电池可追溯到WRR。 1.4 本试验方法用于校准主要参考电池；试验方法 E1362 可用于校准二次和非一次参考电池（这些术语在术语中定义 E772 ). 1.5 本试验方法仅适用于光伏电池的校准，该光伏电池显示其短路电流在其预期使用范围内对辐照度的线性依赖性，如试验方法中所定义 E1143 . 1.6 本试验方法仅适用于使用单个光伏结制造的参考电池的校准。 1.7 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.8 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.9 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 光伏器件的电输出取决于光源的光谱含量、强度和器件温度。当使用校准的参考电池测量强度时，为了在各种光源下对光伏器件的性能进行标准化、准确的测量，有必要考虑当参考电池的相对量子效率与待测试器件的量子效率不相同时发生的短路电流误差。如果测试光源的光谱辐照度分布与所需的参考光谱辐照度分布不同，则会出现类似的错误。 这些误差由光谱失配参数（在测试方法中描述）引起 E973 )，这是短路电流测量中误差的定量测量。本试验方法旨在提供公认的程序，用于使用表格参考光谱校准、表征和报告初级光伏参考电池的校准数据。 5.2 参考电池的校准特定于特定的光谱辐照度分布。用户有责任指定适用的辐照度分布，例如表格 G173页 . 该测试方法允许对任何表格频谱进行校准。 5.2.1 桌子 G173页 不要提供超过4μm波长的光谱辐照度数据，但要提供日射强度计（见 6.1 )通常在4–10μm区域有响应。为了缓解这种差异，表格 G173页 必须使用中提供的数据扩展光谱 附件A2 . 5.3 参考电池应每年重新校准一次，如果电池在室外连续使用，则应每六个月重新校准一次。 5.4 参考电池的推荐物理特性见规范 E1040 . 5.5 高质量的硅基准电池本质上是稳定的器件，因此可以被视为控制样品。因此，校准值数据点（参见 9.3 )可以根据实践使用控制图技术进行监控 E2554 ，并估计了测试结果的不确定度。控制图还可以使用以前校准的数据点进行扩展，以检测参考电池或校准程序的变化。

1.1 This test method is intended for calibration and characterization of primary terrestrial photovoltaic reference cells to a desired reference spectral irradiance distribution, such as Tables G173 . The recommended physical requirements for these reference cells are described in Specification E1040 . Reference cells are principally used in the determination of the electrical performance of photovoltaic devices. 1.2 Primary photovoltaic reference cells are calibrated in natural sunlight using the relative quantum efficiency of the cell, the relative spectral distribution of the sunlight, and a tabulated reference spectral irradiance distribution. Selection of the reference spectral irradiance distribution is left to the user. 1.3 This test method requires the use of a pyrheliometer that is calibrated according to Test Method E816 , which requires the use of a pyrheliometer that is traceable to the World Radiometric Reference (WRR). Therefore, reference cells calibrated according to this test method are traceable to the WRR. 1.4 This test method is used to calibrate primary reference cells; Test Method E1362 may be used to calibrate secondary and non-primary reference cells (these terms are defined in Terminology E772 ). 1.5 This test method applies only to the calibration of a photovoltaic cell that shows a linear dependence of its short-circuit current on irradiance over its intended range of use, as defined in Test Method E1143 . 1.6 This test method applies only to the calibration of a reference cell fabricated with a single photovoltaic junction. 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 The electrical output of a photovoltaic device is dependent on the spectral content of the illumination source, its intensity, and the device temperature. To make standardized, accurate measurements of the performance of photovoltaic devices under a variety of light sources when the intensity is measured with a calibrated reference cell, it is necessary to account for the error in the short-circuit current that occurs if the relative quantum efficiency of the reference cell is not identical to the quantum efficiency of the device to be tested. A similar error occurs if the spectral irradiance distribution of the test light source is not identical to the desired reference spectral irradiance distribution. These errors are accounted for by the spectral mismatch parameter (described in Test Method E973 ), which is a quantitative measure of the error in the short-circuit current measurement. It is the intent of this test method to provide a recognized procedure for calibrating, characterizing, and reporting the calibration data for primary photovoltaic reference cells using a tabular reference spectrum. 5.2 The calibration of a reference cell is specific to a particular spectral irradiance distribution. It is the responsibility of the user to specify the applicable irradiance distribution, for example Tables G173 . This test method allows calibration with respect to any tabular spectrum. 5.2.1 Tables G173 do not provide spectral irradiance data for wavelengths longer than 4 μm, yet pyrheliometers (see 6.1 ) typically have response in the 4–10 μm region. To mitigate this discrepancy, the Tables G173 spectra must be extended with the data provided in Annex A2 . 5.3 A reference cell should be recalibrated at yearly intervals, or every six months if the cell is in continuous use outdoors. 5.4 Recommended physical characteristics of reference cells can be found in Specification E1040 . 5.5 High-quality silicon primary reference cells are expected to be stable devices by nature, and as such can be considered control samples. Thus, the calibration value data points (see 9.3 ) can be monitored with control chart techniques according to Practice E2554 , and the test result uncertainty estimated. The control charts can also be extended with data points from previous calibrations to detect changes to the reference cell or the calibration procedures.