1.1 本术语标准定义了外观描述中使用的术语，包括但不限于颜色、光泽、不透明度、散射、纹理和材料（普通、荧光、反光）和光源（包括视觉显示单元）的可见性。 1.2 ASTM委员会E12关于颜色和外观的政策是，本术语标准包括明确适用于范围的重要术语和定义，无论这些术语目前是否在ASTM标准中使用。常用术语，出现在通用语言词典中（参见参考文献 ( 1. – 2. ) 2. )通常不包括，除非字典显示了多个定义，并且似乎需要指示E12标准建议的定义。 1.3 描述外观的术语的用法差别很大。在某些情况下，人们注意到一个术语在不同领域的不同用法。 1.4 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 3.1 本术语标准包含适用于许多ASTM技术委员会工作的外观术语定义。鼓励E12委员会以外的其他委员会在颜色和外观方面使用它，并在这些委员会的标准中引用它。 3.2 在本术语标准中，其他ASTM标准中使用的术语定义通过将该标准的名称放在定义末尾的括号中来表示。其他组织使用的定义（见参考文献 ( 3. – 4. ) )类似地，在定义末尾的括号中放上组织的首字母缩略词，偶尔引用其术语标准的日期。 在任何一种情况下，都可以使用上标字母来表示本文给出的定义与引文中给出的定义之间的对应程度。上标 A. 表示两者相同； B 给出的定义是对引用定义的修改，在本质意义上几乎没有差异；和 C 这两者有很大的不同。 3.3 如果定义是在1981年之后添加到本术语标准中或最后修订的，则定义末尾的另一个括号将给出修订。 3.4 在适当的情况下，本术语标准中列出了术语的符号或首字母缩略词。由于用法不同，这些列表应被视为建议，而不是强制性的。如果在另一个ASTM标准中使用了不同的符号或首字母缩略词，则应在该标准中注明。 3.5 在1990年版的术语标准中，许多术语被重新定位，以符合 ASTM标准的形式和样式 ，（蓝皮书）列表应按口语顺序排列。一般来说，新老房源之间没有交叉引用，除非有特殊功能。这种特殊函数的一个例子是列出与给定基本量有关的所有术语，例如，定义各种角度的所有术语。 3.6 本术语标准采用以下某些词尾的用法。结尾的“ion”表示一个过程，如 反射 ; “ance”表示样本的属性，如 反射率 ; “ity”表示组成样本的材料种类的特性，如 反射率 . 存在例外情况，如 照明 和 辐射 指数量和过程。

1.1 This terminology standard defines terms used in the description of appearance, including but not limited to color, gloss, opacity, scattering, texture, and visibility of both materials (ordinary, fluorescent, retroreflective) and light sources (including visual display units). 1.2 It is the policy of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and Appearance that this terminology standard include important terms and definitions explicit to the scope, whether or not the terms are currently used in an ASTM standard. Terms that are in common use and appear in common-language dictionaries (see Refs ( 1 – 2 ) 2 ) are generally not included, except when the dictionaries show multiple definitions and it seems desirable to indicate the definitions recommended for E12 standards. 1.3 The usage of terms describing appearance varies considerably. In some cases, different usage of a term in different fields has been noted. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 3.1 This terminology standard contains definitions of appearance terms applicable to the work of many ASTM technical committees. Its use by committees other than Committee E12 on Color and Appearance, and its citation in the standards of such committees, is encouraged. 3.2 In this terminology standard, definitions of terms used in other ASTM standards are indicated by placing the designation of that standard in parentheses at the end of the definition. Definitions used by other organizations (see Refs ( 3 – 4 ) ) are indicated similarly by placing in parentheses at the end of the definition the acronym of the organization, occasionally with the date of its terminology standard quoted. In either case, a superscript letter may be used to indicate the degree of correspondence between the definition given herein and that in the citation. Superscript A indicates that the two are identical; B that the given definition is a modification of that cited, with little difference in essential meaning; and C that the two differ substantially. 3.3 A further parenthetical inclusion at the end of the definition gives the revision, if after 1981, in which the definition was added to this terminology standard or last revised. 3.4 Where appropriate, symbols or acronyms are listed for terms in this terminology standard. Since usage varies, these listings should be considered as recommendations, not as mandatory. If a different symbol or acronym is used in another ASTM standard, this should be indicated in that standard. 3.5 In the 1990 edition of this terminology standard, a great many terms were relocated to conform to the recommendation of the Form and Style for ASTM Standards , (Blue Book) that listings be in spoken word order. In general, there are no cross-references between the old and new listings, except where a special function is served. An example of such a special function is to list all terms relating to a given basic quantity, for example, all terms defining various sorts of angles. 3.6 This terminology standard adopts the following usage of certain word endings. The ending “ion” denotes a process, as in reflection ; “ance” denotes a property of a specimen, as in reflectance ; and “ity” denotes a property of the kind of material of which the specimen is composed, as in reflectivity . Exceptions exist, as in the common use of illumination and radiation to refer to quantities as well as processes.