在处理地表水以制备市政饮用水方面， 含氯消毒剂可与天然有机物（NOM）和来源发生反应 水溴化物形成有害的消毒副产物（DBPs）。三氯甲烷 （THMs）和卤乙酸（HAAs）是目前唯一致癌的有机DBPs 由美国环境保护局在自来水中监管。虽然 这些DBP对于监测未经调节的MX（3-氯-4-（二氯甲基）-5）非常重要- 羟基-2（5H）-呋喃酮）及其溴化类似物具有更大的潜在健康价值 由于HAAs和THMs的诱变性增强，其风险高于HAAs和THMs。最近，卤化 呋喃酮被纳入美国饮用水处理厂DBP调查，其中 它们在THMs和HAAs中遵循类似的形成和去除趋势。 黄腐酸的小酮成分被认为是常见的 三卤甲烷和二卤和三卤甲烷的前体。这一假设得到了 氯化NOM组分后观察到THMs和HAAs的同时形成 或模型化合物。另一方面，引用了3,5-二羟基苯甲醛 作为腐殖物质基础结构的最简单模型，一些研究人员 重点研究了醛基在二元位置上的意义 在通过THM形成MX类似物的过程中，苯环上的羟基和 HAA形成途径。显然，关于这个问题还有很多需要了解的地方 这3组DBP的形成机制。 在本研究中，研究了THMs、HAAs和卤化物的形成机制 使用均匀形成条件（UFC）研究了呋喃酮（MX类似物） 用于三种不同的、特性良好的天然有机物（NOM）的氯化 隔离。选择UFC氯化来模拟饮用水处理的条件 并针对在这些条件下遇到的DBP前体 不添加溴。包括15个参考文献、图。

In the treatment of surface water for the preparation of municipal drinking water, chlorine-containing disinfectants can react with natural organic matter (NOM) and source water bromide to form harmful disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) are currently the only carcinogenic organic DBPs regulated in tap water by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. While these DBPs are important to monitor, unregulated MX (3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5- hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone) and its brominated analogues present a larger potential health risk than HAAs and THMs due to their enhanced mutagenicity. Recently, halogenated furanones were included in a DBP survey of U.S. drinking water treatment plants, where they followed similar formation and removal trends with THMs and HAAs. Small ketone components of fulvic acid have been proposed as common precursors to THMs and di- and trihalogenated HAAs. This hypothesis is supported by concurrent formation of THMs and HAAs observed after chlorination of NOM fractions or model compounds. On the other hand 3,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde has been cited as the simplest model of the base structure for humic substances, and some researchers have focused on the significance of the aldehyde group in the meta position to two hydroxyl groups on the benzene ring in the formation of MX-analogues via a THM and HAA formation pathway. Clearly, much remains to be learned about the mechanisms of formation of these 3 groups of DBPs. In this study, the mechanisms of formation for the THMs, HAAs, and halogenated furanones (MX-analogues) were investigated using Uniform Formation Conditions (UFC) for chlorination of three different, well-characterized natural organic matter (NOM) isolates. UFC chlorination was chosen to simulate conditions in drinking water treatment plants and to target the DBP precursors encountered under these conditions, with and without the addition of bromide. Includes 15 references, figures.