1.1 本指南确定了确定热电池和屏蔽外壳辐射屏蔽充分性的适当试验方法。 1.2 在建造或修改辐射屏蔽后，有必要验证屏蔽性能是否满足或超过屏蔽性能要求。这通常是通过使用比设计基准低得多的活动的密封测试源来实现的。这允许在调试热电池之前修改或纠正任何发现的差异。 1.3 本指南推荐的指南和实践适用于新的和现有的屏蔽设施和外壳，以评估屏蔽适用性，并定位由于设计、制造或施工导致的发光路径或其他屏蔽异常的存在。 1.4 可以进行两种类型的测试。 1.4.1 屏蔽性能验证测试提供了证据，证明屏蔽配置足以满足既定的性能标准，并能够识别设计期间可能未解决的屏蔽配置或组件中的缺陷。预计测试结果将证明屏蔽性能满足或超过设计标准，而与分析预测的剂量率不匹配。 1.4.2 屏蔽性能验证测试确定了安装配置中相对于相邻屏蔽的屏蔽缺陷（热点），但未证明符合任何定量屏蔽性能要求。 1.5 应规定并执行性能测试，以评估所有关键位置的电源的屏蔽充分性。 1.6 屏蔽性能测试的要求应在设计依据或采购文件中明确规定。 1.7 本指南不适用于中子辐射屏蔽性能评估。 1.8 单位- 以国际单位制或英寸-磅单位表示的数值应单独视为标准值。每个系统中规定的值可能不是精确的等效值；因此，每个系统应相互独立使用。将两个系统的值合并可能会导致不符合标准。 1.8.1 总放射性单位应以贝克勒尔（Bq）或居里（Ci）表示。 1.8.2 试验期间测量的剂量率单位应以西弗特（Sv/h）或rad/h为单位。 1.8.3 距离和位置应以厘米或英寸为单位。 1.9 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.10 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 应进行屏蔽性能测试，以验证屏蔽效能的分析预测，是否符合设计要求，并确定可能需要补充屏蔽、设计修改或更改操作方法和程序来解决的屏蔽缺陷的位置。 5.2 由于穿过屏蔽壁的机构内的电缆或胶带间隙要求，在主从机械手贯穿件附近，预计剂量率可能高于相邻屏蔽。 即使通过管道在操纵器中安装了辅助屏蔽，情况也是如此。 5.3 与机械手贯穿件类似，当辐射源直接放置在检修门或面板产生的贯穿件和间隙前面时，间隙或贯穿件另一侧的直接辐射水平可能高于相邻屏蔽或分析预测中的水平。如果这些测试配置代表屏蔽外壳的实际操作方式（即，测试配置代表工程源和正常占用的工作位置），那么如果该位置正常占用并且会导致剂量显著增加，则应考虑设计或修改屏蔽外壳的额外费用人员费用。 5.4 屏蔽窗周围的框架可能存在更高的屏蔽缺陷。 5.5 由混凝土建造的屏蔽墙可能会形成空洞，从而降低屏蔽性能。 5.6 应监测收集剂量测量数据区域的背景辐射水平，并在数据分析中说明其对测量剂量率的贡献，作为测试报告的一部分。

1.1 This guide identifies appropriate test methods for determining the sufficiency of radiological shielding for hot cells and shielded enclosures. 1.2 After constructing or modifying radiological shielding, it is necessary to verify that shielding performance meets or exceeds the shielding performance requirements. This is typically accomplished using sealed test sources of much less activity than the design basis. This allows for modifications or correction of any discrepancies identified before the commissioning of the hot cell. 1.3 The guidance and practices recommended by this guide are applicable to both new and existing shielded facilities and enclosures for evaluating shielding suitability and locating the existence of shine paths or other shielding anomalies that result from design, manufacture, or construction. 1.4 Two types of testing may be performed. 1.4.1 Shielding performance verification testing provides evidence that the shielding configuration is sufficient for meeting established performance criteria and for identifying deficiencies in the shielding configuration or components that may not have been addressed during design. Test results are expected to demonstrate that shielding performance meets or exceeds design criteria, not match the dose rates predicted analytically. 1.4.2 Shielding performance verification testing identifies shielding deficiencies (hot spots) in the installed configuration relative to adjacent shielding but does not demonstrate compliance with any quantitative shielding performance requirement. 1.5 Performance testing should be specified and performed to assess shielding adequacy with sources in all critical locations. 1.6 Requirements for shielding performance testing should be clearly defined in design basis or procurement documentation. 1.7 This guide is not applicable to neutron radiation shielding performance evaluations. 1.8 Units— The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. 1.8.1 Units for total activity should be given in Becquerel (Bq) or curies (Ci). 1.8.2 Units for dose rate as measured during testing should be given in Sieverts (Sv/h) or rad/h. 1.8.3 Distances and locations should be provided in centimetres or inches. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Shielding performance testing should be performed to verify analytical predictions of shielding effectiveness, compliance with design requirements, and determine the location(s) of shielding deficiencies that may require either supplemental shielding, design modification, or changes to operating methods and procedures to resolve. 5.2 Dose rates higher than adjacent shielding may be expected in the vicinity of master-slave manipulator penetrations as a result of cable or tape clearance requirements within the mechanisms where they pass through the shield walls. This is true even with supplemental shielding installed in the manipulator through tube. 5.3 Similar to manipulator penetrations, when sources are placed directly in front of penetrations and gaps resulting from access doors or panels, radiation levels directly on the other side of the gaps or penetrations may be higher than levels in adjacent shielding or analytical predictions. If these test configurations are representative of how the shielded enclosure will actually be operated (that is, the test configuration is representative of engineered source and normally occupied work locations) than the additional expense of designing or modifying the shielded enclosure should be considered if that location is normally occupied and will result in a significant increase of dose rates to personnel. 5.4 Frames around shield windows may have a higher potential for shielding deficiencies. 5.5 Shield walls constructed of concrete may be subject to the formation of void spaces that could result in diminished shielding performance. 5.6 Background radiation levels in the area where the dose measurement data are being gathered shall be monitored and their contribution to measured dose rates accounted for in the data analysis as part of the test report.