2007年，大辛辛那提大学进行了实地测试 水务工程（GCWW）评估哈森威廉姆斯 整个配电系统的C值。C值 使用消防栓扩散器进行试验 装配这张海报展示了 消防栓扩散器的使用如何导致 高于实际计算流量和人为的高 C值。本节介绍了为该项目进行的现场测试的结果 GCWW显示了可能导致 介绍了消防栓扩散器，并给出了一个 计算流量时建议使用的修正 使用消防栓扩散器。

In 2007, field tests were conducted by the Greater Cincinnati Water Works (GCWW) to evaluate the Hazen-Williams C-values throughout the distribution system. The C-value tests were conducted with the use of a hydrant diffuser assembly. This poster paper shows how the use of a hydrant diffuser can result in higher than actual calculated flows and an artificially high C-value. It presents the results of the field tests conducted for the GCWW, shows the magnitude of the error that can potentially be introduced using hydrant diffusers, and presents a recommended correction to use when calculating flows using a hydrant diffuser.