Magnetic ion-exchange (MIEX®) has been shown to be effective for
reducing the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from water.
MIEX® is a high capacity ion exchange resin that is used as a continuous
feed suspension in a stirred contactor. The magnetic component of this
resin aids in settling by aggregating particles for more rapid settling. In
this investigation, MIEX® was evaluated for removal of several endocrine
disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals. Both static benchscale
and dynamic pilot-scale tests were completed using Colorado River
water spiked with over 60 different EDCs and pharmaceuticals, which
include compound classes such as antibiotics, steroids, flame-retardants,
analgesics, pesticides, and x-ray contrast media. For bench-scale testing,
MIEX® was dosed at 5, 10, 15, and 20 mL/L with contact times of 10 and
20 minutes. Bench-scale results show, in general, that removal is related
to polarity (log Kow) with higher removal related to lower polarity (higher
log Kow). For instance, most compounds with log Kow values greater
than 3.5 were removed by greater than 40% (i.e., oxybenzone, triclosan,
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and some organochlorine pesticides).
However, some exceptions were noted. For instance, the pharmaceutical
diclofenac has a log Kow of only 0.7, yet it was well removed by MIEX®
(>70%). The removal of diclofenac is dominated by ion exchange since it
exists as an anion at ambient pH. Furthermore, excellent dose response
curves were obtained, showing that removal is directly related to MIEX®
dose. Contact time seemed to be less important as the 20 minute contact time
generally improved removal by only 20% or less. Pilot-scale tests were
conducted at 10 gallons per minute with a spike feeding 100 ng/L of the
target compounds. For pilot-scale tests, a MIEX® dose of 20 mL/L with a
contact time of 20 minutes was utilized. Results from the pilot-scale were
similar to results from the bench-scale. MIEX® proved to be of limited
use for the removal of EDCs and pharmaceuticals, as most compounds
were not well removed. However, for specific compounds and multibarrier
processes, MIEX® may be applicable. Includes tables, figures.