Compliance with recently proposed maximum contaminant levels for radon is likely to involve a significant expenditure for the US public water supply industry. More than 30,000 utilities are expected to find that their groundwater supplies exceed the proposed limit of 300 pCi/L. The authors of this article have estimated that the costs of installing and operating radon removal technologies across the United States will amount to $2.5 billion/year, with more than two thirds of those costs being borne by the very small water systems that serve 500 or fewer people. This article summarizes an independent analysis of the magnitude and distribution of the costs of compliance with the proposed MCL for radon. Includes 18 references, tables, figures.