1.1本指南为闪光X射线实验中剂量测定系统的选择和使用提供了帮助。描述了剂量和剂量率技术。 1.2给出了闪光x射线源的工作特性，重点是光子输出的频谱。 1.3协助将测量剂量与受试设备（DUT）的反应联系起来。假设该装置为半导体电子部件或系统。 ====意义和用途====== 闪光X射线设备通常在单个亚微秒脉冲中提供强烈的韧致辐射环境，不幸的是，该脉冲的振幅、形状和频谱经常随炮点而波动。因此，必须对每次暴露进行适当的剂量测定，以表征环境，见ICRU报告34。这些强韧致辐射源有多种应用，包括: 产生与核武器爆炸类似的X射线和γ射线环境。 X射线和γ射线对材料影响的研究。 研究辐射对晶体管、二极管和电容器等电子设备的影响。 军事系统和组件的脆弱性和生存能力测试。 计算机代码验证研究。 本指南旨在帮助实验者选择所需的剂量测定系统（通常在实验中，并非所有辐射参数都必须测量）用于脉冲X射线设施。本指南还简要总结了如何使用每个剂量测定系统的信息。其他指南（见第3节）提供了有关辐射环境中选定剂量测定系统的更详细信息，在对使用的适当剂量测定系统作出初步决定后，应参考这些指南。 描述闪光X射线源的关键参数有很多，例如剂量、剂量率、光谱、脉冲宽度等，因此通常没有一个剂量测量系统可以同时测量所有参数。 图1闪光X射线源的可用韧致辐射光谱范围

1.1 This guide provides assistance in selecting and using dosimetry systems in flash X-ray experiments. Both dose and dose-rate techniques are described. 1.2 Operating characteristics of flash x-ray sources are given, with emphasis on the spectrum of the photon output. 1.3 Assistance is provided to relate the measured dose to the response of a device under test (DUT). The device is assumed to be a semiconductor electronic part or system. ====== Significance And Use ====== Flash X-ray facilities provide intense bremsstrahlung radiation environments, usually in a single sub-microsecond pulse, which unfortunately, often fluctuates in amplitude, shape, and spectrum from shot to shot. Therefore, appropriate dosimetry must be fielded on every exposure to characterize the environment, see ICRU Report 34. These intense bremsstrahlung sources have a variety of applications which include the following: Generation of X-ray and gamma-ray environments similar to that from a nuclear weapon burst. Studies of the effects of X rays and gamma rays on materials. Studies of the effects of radiation on electronic devices such as transistors, diodes, and capacitors. Vulnerability and survivability testing of military systems and components. Computer code validation studies. This guide is written to assist the experimenter in selecting the needed dosimetry systems (often in an experiment not all radiation parameters must be measured) for use at pulsed X-ray facilities. This guide also provides a brief summary of the information on how to use each of the dosimetry systems. Other guides (see Section 3) provide more detailed information on selected dosimetry systems in radiation environments and should be consulted after an initial decision is made on the appropriate dosimetry system to use. There are many key parameters which describe a flash X-ray source, such as dose, dose rate, spectrum, pulse width, etc., such that typically no single dosimetry system can measure all the parameters simultaneously. FIG. 1 Range of Available Bremsstrahlung Spectra from Flash X-ray Sources