The effectiveness of Clark's presence-absence (P-A) test was compared with that of the membrane filter (MF) technique during an evaluation of the frequency-of-occurrence approach to microbiological monitoring of water systems. Results showed no significant difference between the fractions that were positive by the two methods. Major changes in the microbiological quality of the water were detected with equal frequency by the P-A test and the MF method and were detected more readily by the frequency-of-occurrence parameter than by the average MF coliform count. Includes 9 references, tables.