本文总结了荷兰自来水厂测试与研究所KIWA在荷兰修复堵塞抽油井的研究结果。确定的油井堵塞类型包括氧化铁和生物量累积造成的堵塞，厌氧地质微生物过程造成的堵塞，以及细砂、淤泥或两者造成的意外堵塞。介绍了堵塞的原因、症状特征、机械或化学修复以及防止堵塞的措施。结果表明，以入口阻力为特征的油井堵塞仅发生在抽取好氧地下水的油井中，而无入口阻力的油井堵塞仅发生在抽取厌氧地下水的油井中。 此外，还讨论了为进行修复而监测水位下降、修复成本以及修复期间的安全预防措施。包括25个参考文献、表格和图表。

This article summarizes results of research on the rehabilitation of clogged extraction wells in the Netherlands by KIWA, the Netherlands Waterworks Testing and Research Institute. Types of well clogging identified include clogging by accumulation of iron oxides and biomass, clogging caused by anaerobic geomicrobiological processes, and accidental clogging caused by fine sand, silt, or both. Causes, symptoms characteristic of the causes, mechanical or chemical rehabilitation, and measures to prevent clogging are addressed. Results indicate that well clogging characterized by entrance resistance occurs only in wells that extract aerobic groundwater, whereas well clogging without entrance resistance occurs only in wells that extract anaerobic groundwater. Monitoring drawdown in order to proceed with rehabilitation, the cost of rehabilitation, and safety precautions during rehabilitation are also discussed. Includes 25 references, table, figures.