本幻灯片概述了提高海水反渗透（SWRO）能效的不同方法，包括: 反渗透系统设计的修改； 膜元件的改进；和 其他考虑因素，如流量、污垢或泵。涵盖的主题包括:SWRO水成本的能源部分；反渗透原理；渗透压；各种水体的盐度；恢复效果；反渗透膜；使用微咸水和海水元素；NF-NF系统——长滩法；SW-SW系统；各种反渗透系统配置的能量比较 消耗量、进料和盐水流量； 以及能源回收。包括表格、数字。

This slide presentation outlines different methods to improve energy efficiency of seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) that include: modifications to RO system design; improvements in membrane elements; and, other considerations such as Flux, Fouling, or Pumps. Topics covered include: energy component of SWRO water cost; Reverse Osmosis Principle; osmotic pressure; Salinity of various water bodies; effect of recovery; RO membrane; Using brackish and seawater elements; NF-NF system - Long Beach Method; SW-SW system; Comparison of various RO system configurations with respect to energy consumption, and feed and brine flows; and energy recovery. Includes tables, figures.