1.1 这些试验方法包括测定饮用水、地表水和盐水、生活和工业废物中的可过滤物质、总溶解固体（TDS）和不可过滤物质、总悬浮固体（TSS）。不可过滤颗粒物（TSS）的实际测定范围为4至20000 mg/L。可过滤物质（TDS）的实际测定范围为10 mg/L至150 000µg/g。第 20 质量控制与这些试验方法有关。 1.2 由于这些试验方法测量的结果是可操作定义的，因此必须仔细注意遵循规定的程序。 1.3 当从明渠流中采集水样时，不得使用测定不可过滤物质（TSS）的试验方法。使用试验方法测定明渠水流中收集的物质 D3977 . 1.4 试验方法按以下顺序出现: 试验方法A: 可过滤物质（TDS）和 不可过滤物质（TSS），mg/L 小节 10 – 14 试验方法B: 总溶解固体 高精度方法，µg/g 小节 15 – 19 1.5 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.6 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 有关具体的危险说明，请参阅第节 8. . 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 固体作为可过滤物质（TDS）和不可过滤物质（TSS），在原水和废水处理以及溪流监测中都很重要。 4.2 固体废物在接收水中形成悬浮和可沉降的残留物。悬浮和可溶物质为某些生物粘液提供基质，并在足够数量时损害生物体的呼吸。这些固体可能会产生讨厌的泥床和气味，同时在有限的受纳水域施加长期的生物氧化负荷。 4.3 对悬浮物和可溶性物质的了解对于处理原水供应很重要。 固体负载的知识可以帮助确定使水可接受使用所需的处理类型或数量，或两者兼而有之。此类信息也可用于确定处理后水的可接受性。治疗太少可能不可取，而过度治疗则需要花钱。 4.4 出于环境原因，例如遵守排放许可证，河流监测很重要。河流改善、水污染监测、大规模浪费、藻类研究和沉积物负荷只是监测河流的众多原因中的一小部分。

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of filterable matter, total dissolved solids (TDS), and nonfilterable matter, total suspended solids (TSS), in drinking, surface, and saline waters, domestic and industrial wastes. The practical range of the determination of nonfilterable particulate matter (TSS) is 4 to 20 000 mg/L. The practical range of the determination of filterable matter (TDS) is 10 mg/L to 150 000 µg/g. Section 20 on Quality Control pertains to these test methods. 1.2 Since the results measured by these test methods are operationally defined, careful attention must be paid to following the procedure as specified. 1.3 The test method for the determination of nonfilterable matter (TSS) must not be used when water samples were collected from open channel flow. For the determination of matter collected in open channel flow use Test Methods D3977 . 1.4 The test methods appear in the following order: Test Method A: Filterable Matter (TDS) and Nonfilterable Matter (TSS), mg/L Sections 10 – 14 Test Method B: Total Dissolved Solids High Precision Method, µg/g Sections 15 – 19 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 8 . 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Solids, both as filterable matter (TDS) and nonfilterable matter (TSS), are important in the treating of raw water and wastewater, and in monitoring of streams. 4.2 Waste solids impose a suspended and settleable residue in receiving waters. Suspended and soluble materials provide a matrix for some biological slime and, in sufficient quantity, impair respiration of organisms. These solids may create nuisance slime beds and odors while imposing a long-term biological oxidation load over limited receiving water areas. 4.3 Knowledge of suspended and soluble materials is important in treating raw water supplies. Knowledge of solids loading can aid in determining the type or amount of treatment, or both, necessary to make the water acceptable for use. Such information may also be used to determine acceptability of water after treatment. Too little treatment may not be desirable and excess treatment costs money. 4.4 Stream monitoring is important for environmental reasons, such as compliance with discharge permits. Stream improvements, water pollution monitoring, mass wasting, algal studies, and sediment loads are but a few of the many reasons streams are monitored.