一项综合膜系统中试研究比较了微滤（MF）、超滤（UF）和常规处理作为使用螺旋缠绕元件的地表水纳滤（NF）预处理策略。与常规处理相比，MF和UF预处理降低了NF污染率，延长了清洗周期。在常规处理后的各种流体动力条件下评估的NF污染率表明，NF污染更多地受渗透通量的影响，而不是受给水回收率的影响。NF被证明能够满足所有当前和预期的三卤甲烷和卤乙酸法规。 包括24个参考文献、表格和图表。

An integrated membrane system pilot study compared microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), and conventional treatment as pretreatment strategies for surface water nanofiltration (NF) using spiral-wound elements. MF and UF pretreatment resulted in lower NF fouling rates and longer cleaning intervals compared with those measured following conventional treatment. NF fouling rates evaluated under a wide range of hydrodynamic conditions following conventional treatment suggest NF fouling is more influenced by permeate flux than by feedwater recovery. NF was shown to be capable of meeting all current and anticipated trihalomethane and haloacetic acid regulations. Includes 24 references, tables, figures.