1.1 本指南提供了一种方法来描述任何类别的制造过程，并系统地捕获和描述相关的环境信息。 1.2 本指南定义了单元制造过程（UMP）的概念模型，从中可以指定形式表示。 1.3 本指南定义了支持制造信息系统结构和可视化的UMP模型的图形表示。 1.4 本指南定义了一种过程表征方法，用于构建表征所研究制造过程的环境方面的UMP模型。 1.5 本指南提供了必要的结构和形式，用于识别和获取评估制造性能所需的关键信息，但没有提供有关过程性能实际评估的详细信息。 1.6 本指南提供了由多个UMP组成的系统的概念定义，以表示生产系统。 1.7 本指南可用于补充其他涉及可持续性和产品生命周期的标准。本指南与ISO 14040系列（ISO 14044）标准中讨论的库存组件和ISO 55000系列（ISO 55001）标准中讨论的资源管理密切相关。 1.8 本指南并非旨在解决与制造信息相关的所有安全问题和风险。本标准的用户有责任遵循惯例并制定适当的信息技术相关安全措施。 1.9 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.10 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 本指南提供了一种系统方法，用于基于成熟的形式语言描述制造过程的环境方面。 注1: 在计算机科学中，形式语言是一种设计用于自然语言不适合的情况下的语言，例如在数学、逻辑或计算机编程中。这些语言的符号和公式相互之间存在着精确指定的句法和语义关系。形式表示源自形式语言。 注2: UMP模型是使用形式语言定义的，例如可扩展标记语言（XML）( 1. ), 6. 统一建模语言（UML）( 2. )或系统建模语言（SysML），以促进数据交换、可计算性以及与其他制造和分析应用程序的通信。这些功能支持制造商评估、记录和改进性能。本指南特别结合了UML和XML，但并不局限于这些语言的实现。 4.2 本指南提供了结构和形式，以确保以计算机可解释的方式表征制造过程的一致性，从而实现有效的通信、计算分析和性能信息交换。 4.3 图1 展示了如何使用本指南通过图形和形式表示将制造资源（如工业机器人、机床和辅助设备）从物理世界过渡到数字世界。在这样做的过程中，执行工程分析所需的信息（如优化、模拟和生命周期评估）以完整、标准化和高效的方式进行表征。 图1 本指南的意义和使用概述 UMP存储物理制造资产和系统的数字表示，以实现工程分析，例如优化、模拟和生命周期评估。 注3: 本指南将促进新工具的开发，将制造信息和分析联系起来，以计算所需的环境绩效指标。 4.4 本指南还支持开发工具，以提高决策支持能力，同时促进标准化数据和信息库的开发和扩展。 注4: 制造企业内收集的数据可用于构建企业或行业特定数据库，以补充或扩展生命周期清单（LCI）数据库（ULE 880）。这种方法将提高数据的相关性和完整性，同时保留与生命周期评估（LCA）方法的关键链接。 4.5 图2 介绍了本指南的路线图。部分 5. 描述UMP的图形表示。部分 6. 介绍了UMP概念的概念定义。部分 7. 介绍了如何使用第节中介绍的形式化方法描述制造过程的分步指南 5和 6. . 部分 8. 描述如何创建组合系统模型或UMP网络。 图2 系统说明如何使用UMP表示和过程表征方法来开发一些特定的UMP模型，以支持模型组成

1.1 This guide provides an approach to characterize any category of manufacturing process and to systematically capture and describe relevant environmental information. 1.2 This guide defines the conceptual model of a unit manufacturing process (UMP) from which a formal representation can be specified. 1.3 This guide defines the graphical representation of a UMP model that supports the systematic structuring and visualizing of manufacturing information. 1.4 This guide defines a process characterization methodology to construct UMP models that characterize the environmental aspects of the manufacturing processes under study. 1.5 This guide provides the necessary structure and formality for identifying and capturing key information needed to assess manufacturing performance, yet provides no details about an actual assessment of the process performance. 1.6 This guide provides the conceptual definition for a system composed of multiple UMPs to represent a production system. 1.7 This guide may be used to complement other standards that address sustainability and the product life cycle. This guide most closely relates to the inventory component as discussed in the ISO 14040 series (ISO 14044) standards, and resource management as discussed in the ISO 55000 series (ISO 55001) standards. 1.8 This guide does not purport to address all of the security issues and the risks associated with manufacturing information. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to follow practices and establish appropriate information technology related security measures. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 This guide provides a systematic approach for characterizing the environmental aspects of manufacturing processes based on well-established formal languages. Note 1: In computer science, a formal language is a language designed for use in situations in which natural language is unsuitable as, for example, in mathematics, logic, or computer programming. The symbols and formulas of such languages stand in precisely specified syntactic and semantic relations to one another. Formal representations are derived from formal languages. Note 2: A UMP model is defined using formal languages, such as eXtensible Markup Language (XML) ( 1 ), 6 Unified Modeling Language (UML) ( 2 ), or Systems Modeling Language (SysML) to facilitate data exchange, computability, and communication with other manufacturing and analysis applications. These capabilities support manufacturers in evaluating, documenting, and improving performance. This guide specifically incorporates UML and XML but does not limit implementations to these languages. 4.2 This guide provides the structure and formalism to ensure consistency in characterizing manufacturing processes in a computer-interpretable way, thus enabling effective communication, computational analytics, and exchange of performance information. 4.3 Fig. 1 shows how this guide is used to transition manufacturing resources, such as industrial robots, machine tools, and auxiliary devices, from the phycical world to the digital world through graphical and formal representations. In doing so, required information to perform engineering analysis, such as optimization, simulation, and life cycle assessment, is characterized in a manner that is complete, standardized, and efficient. FIG. 1 Overview of Significance and Use of this Guide UMPs store digital representations of physical manufacturing assets and systems to enable engineering analysis, for example, optimization, simulation, and life cycle assessments. Note 3: This guide will promote new tool development that can link manufacturing information and analytics for calculating the desired environmental performance measures. 4.4 This guide also supports the development of tools to improve decision support capabilities while facilitating the development and extension of standardized data and information bases. Note 4: Data collected within manufacturing enterprises can be used to build enterprise-or-sector-specific databases that complement or extend Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) databases (ULE 880). This approach will improve the relevancy and completeness of the data while retaining key links to Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methods. 4.5 Fig. 2 presents a road map to this guide. Section 5 describes the graphical representation of the UMP. Section 6 presents a conceptual definition of the UMP concept. Section 7 presents a step-by-step guide on how to characterize a manufacturing process using the formal methods presented in Sections 5 and 6 . Section 8 describes how to create a composed system model, or a network of UMPs. FIG. 2 Systematic Illustration of Use of UMP Representation and Process Characterization Methodology to Develop a Number of Specific UMP Models to Support Model Composition