1.1 本指南描述了收集、处理和制备固体废物、土壤和沉积物样品的推荐程序，以用于随后测定挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）。这类化合物包括沸点低于200°C（C）的低分子量芳烃、碳氢化合物、卤代烃、酮、乙酸酯、腈、丙烯酸酯、醚和硫化物，这些化合物不溶于水或微溶于水。 1.2 描述了样品收集、处理、储存和分析准备的方法。 1.3 本指南不包括取样设计、容器的实验室制备和样品分析的细节。 1.4 建议将本指南与指南结合使用 D4687 . 1.5 本指南提供了有组织的信息收集或一系列选项，并不推荐具体的行动方案。本文件不能取代教育或经验，应与专业判断一起使用。并非本指南的所有方面都适用于所有情况。本ASTM标准不代表或取代必须根据其判断给定专业服务的充分性的谨慎标准，也不应在不考虑项目的许多独特方面的情况下应用本文件。 本文件标题中的“标准”一词仅表示该文件已通过ASTM共识程序获得批准。 1.6 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。以国际单位制以外的单位报告试验结果不应视为不符合本标准。 1.7 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.8 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 本指南描述了旨在尽量减少挥发性有机化合物损失的样品收集和处理程序。挥发性有机化合物在收集、处理和储存过程中从材料中损失的主要机制是挥发和生物降解。 各种挥发性有机化合物对这两种损失机制的敏感性都是化合物和基质特有的。一般来说，蒸汽压较高的化合物比蒸汽压较低的化合物更容易挥发。此外，需氧降解化合物通常比厌氧降解化合物更容易生物降解。在某些情况下，可能会形成最初不存在于材料中的其他化合物。挥发性有机化合物的损失或增加导致分析结果无法代表现场条件。 5.2 有关挥发性有机化合物分析的样品收集、处理和储存的辅助信息，请参见 附录X1– 附录X3 . 对于那些不熟悉挥发性有机化合物分析样品收集、处理和储存过程中出现的许多挑战的人，建议阅读这些附录和引用的参考文献。

1.1 This guide describes recommended procedures for the collection, handling, and preparation of solid waste, soil, and sediment samples for subsequent determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This class of compounds includes low molecular weight aromatics, hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, ketones, acetates, nitriles, acrylates, ethers, and sulfides with boiling points below 200° Celsius (C) that are insoluble or slightly soluble in water. 1.2 Methods of sample collection, handling, storage, and preparation for analysis are described. 1.3 This guide does not cover the details of sampling design, laboratory preparation of containers, and the analysis of the samples. 1.4 It is recommended that this guide be used in conjunction with Guide D4687 . 1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This guide describes sample collection and handling procedures designed to minimize losses of VOCs. The principal mechanisms for the loss of VOCs from materials during collection, handling, and storage are volatilization and biodegradation. Susceptibility of various VOCs to these two loss mechanisms is both compound and matrix specific. In general, compounds with higher vapor pressures are more susceptible to volatilization than compounds with lower vapor pressures. Also, aerobically degradable compounds are generally more susceptible to biodegradation than anaerobically degradable compounds. In some cases, the formation of other compounds not originally present in the material can occur. Loss or gain of VOCs leads to analytical results that are unrepresentative of field conditions. 5.2 Ancillary information concerning sample collection, handling, and storage for VOC analysis is provided in Appendix X1 – Appendix X3 . These appendixes and cited references are recommended reading for those unfamiliar with the many challenges presented during the collection, handling, and storage of samples for VOC analysis.