虽然这不是一个决定性的指标，但总大肠菌群（TC）细菌已被用于 作为粪便污染和/或分配系统破坏的指标。 尽管新数据表明TC不能作为粪便污染的指标，但TC 水质管理人员仍将采样视为水质完整性的有用指标 他们的分配系统。许多研究人员已经发现了这方面的困难 估计配电系统中TC的潜在时空分布 基于采样的存在/不存在。要使TC成为一个有用的指标，必须有一个 基本假设是，当TC存在时，监测将导致观察。 然而，水务公司目前采用的抽样计划并非基于 优化采样以识别TC（当存在时），而是通过 可达性和物流。甚至大量样本的TC采样（e480/月） 测试一个月内流过系统的水量的极小部分；自从 TC是高度异质性的，主要是零，可能还有一些正的结果。整齐 为了优化采样计划，以便在存在TC时检测TC，该计划包括位置， 周期性和样本量应基于基本分布。 这 分布不能直接测量，但可以测量采样结果的分布 接受评估。最近一项关于样本量的研究确定，当服用100mL时 与2L样品并排，并将结果进行比较，100mL样品的差异显著 低估了TC的发生。而这些结果表明 取样和分析策略可能不是最优的，它们不能解决 要达到上述目标，需要多少个大小的样本。可能吧 不同的目标需要不同的取样和分析计划。探索 大容量采样，我们开发了一种使用胶囊过滤和酶的方法 基板技术，可容纳高达20L的样品。我们评估了 该工艺在不同温度下过滤、回收和鉴定总大肠菌群和大肠杆菌的能力 浓度和样品体积在100毫升到20毫升之间。包括2个参考文献、表格和图表。

Although it is not a conclusive indicator, total coliform (TC) bacteria have been used for decades as indicators of fecal contamination and/or distribution system breaches. Despite new data indicating TC are not useful as indicators of fecal contamination, TC sampling is still seen by water quality managers as a useful indicator of the integrity of their distribution system. A number of researchers have identified the difficulty in estimating the underlying spatial and temporal distributions of TC in distribution systems based on the presence/absence of sampling. For TC to be a useful indicator there must be an underlying assumption that monitoring will result in observing TC when present. However, the sampling plans currently employed by water utilities are not based on optimizing sampling to identify TC when present but rather they are optimized by accessibility and logistics. TC sampling of even large numbers of samples (e480/month) tests an infinitesimal portion of the water flowing through the system in a month; since TC are highly heterogeneous, mostly zeros and perhaps a few positives, result. In order to optimize a sampling plan to detect TC when present, the plan, including locations, periodicity and sample volumes, should be based on the underlying distribution. This distribution cannot be measured directly, but the distributions of the sampling results can be evaluated. A recent study on sample volume determined that when taking 100mL and 2L samples side by side and comparing the results, the 100mL samples significantly underestimated the occurrence of TC. While these results suggest that the current sampling and analytical strategies may not be optimal, they do not resolve the issue of how many samples of what size are needed to meet the objectives listed above. It may be that different objectives require different sampling and analytical plans. To explore high volume sampling, we have developed a method using capsule filtration and enzyme substrate technology that can accommodate samples up to 20L. We evaluated the ability of the process to filter, recover and identify total coliform and E. coli at different concentrations and sample volumes ranging from 100 mL to 20L. Includes 2 references, tables, figures.