1.1 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.2 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.3 本指南适用于-100°C至1700°C范围内不使用液体或热接触增强介质的干块温度校准器。 1.4 在本指南中，描述了用于直接或比较模式下温度计校准的干块校准器的基本特征。直接模式定义为使用干块校准器作为独立仪器，控制传感器和校准器显示器作为参考，而比较模式使用外部传感器和辅助测量系统作为参考。 1.5 本指南提出了优化干块校准器精度以获得最佳结果的测量实践。 1.6 本指南中提出了可用于定义不确定性极限的测试，以及如何将其用于创建不确定性预算。 1.7 将不讨论干块校准器附件，如内置参考温度计、开关测试电路、计算机通信或电流回路。 1.8 建议不要在干块校准器中使用玻璃液体温度计，因为使用带有金属块的玻璃液体温度计可能会损坏温度计的读数。 1.9 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 本指南适用于具有受控温度固体块的温度源。它们有不同的名称，如干井校准器、干块校准器和温度块校准器。它们通常由固体块材料（如金属或陶瓷）、温度调节装置、控制传感器和便携式包装中的一些内置温度指示器组成。干块校准器通常用于校准工业温度计。这些校准器通常用于两种模式:（1）直接模式，其中校准器用作校准参考，或（2）比较模式，其中校准器是等温温度源，用于将测试中的温度计与单独的校准参考温度计进行比较。 这些校准的不确定性取决于使用这两种模式中的哪一种以及特定干块设计的各种热特性。 5.2 在给定测量不确定度的情况下，可以实现热均匀、稳定和准确的校准温度区。已确定干块校准块的各种热特性，应对其进行表征和/或量化，以确定测量的不确定度，并在校准过程中注意适当优化结果。长期以来，温度稳定性一直被认为是一个需要表征的变量。其他包括轴向温度均匀性、径向温度均匀性、杆传导、块负载、滞后和控制器精度。影响结果的外部因素包括环境温度、气流和功率波动。 识别和测试这些特性将大大改善校准结果。

1.1 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.3 This guide is intended for use with dry-block temperature calibrators without the use of fluids or thermal contact-enhancing media over a range of -100 °C to 1700 °C. 1.4 In this guide, the essential features of dry-block calibrators used for the purpose of thermometer calibration in either the direct or comparison mode are described. The direct mode is defined as using the dry-block calibrator as a standalone instrument with the control sensor and the calibrator display serving as the reference while the comparison mode uses an external sensor and ancillary measurement system as the reference. 1.5 Measurement practices to optimize the accuracy of a dry-block calibrator to obtain optimum results are proposed in this guide. 1.6 Tests that can be performed to define uncertainty limits and how they may be used in creating uncertainty budgets are proposed in this guide. 1.7 Dry-block calibrator accessories such as built-in reference thermometers, switch testing circuitry, computer communications, or current loops will not be discussed. 1.8 It is advised that liquid-in-glass thermometers not be used in dry-block calibrators, as using liquid-in-glass thermometers with a metal block may cause damage to the readout of the thermometer. 1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This guide applies to temperature sources with controlled temperature solid blocks. They are known under various names such as dry-well calibrators, dry-block calibrators, and temperature block calibrators. They are typically comprised of solid block materials such as metal or ceramic, a temperature-regulating device, a control sensor, and some built-in indicator of temperature in a portable package. Dry-block calibrators are commonly used for calibration of industrial thermometers. These calibrators are commonly used in either two modes: (1) the direct mode in which the calibrator is used as the calibrated reference, or (2) comparison mode in which the calibrator is an isothermal temperature source for comparing thermometers under test to a separate calibrated reference thermometer. The uncertainty of these calibrations is dependent on which of these two modes is used and a variety of thermal properties of the specific dry-block designs. 5.2 A thermally uniform, stable, and accurate temperature zone for calibration may be achieved with given measurement uncertainty. Various thermal properties of dry-block calibrator blocks have been identified that shall be characterized and/or quantified to determine uncertainty of measurements and care taken during the calibration process to optimize results appropriately. Temperature stability has been long recognized as a variable to be characterized. Others include axial temperature uniformity, radial temperature uniformity, stem conduction, block loading, hysteresis, and controller accuracy. External factors that influence results include ambient temperature, drafts, and power fluctuations. Recognizing and testing these properties will greatly improve calibration results.