为了确定消毒剂残留物对细菌的有效性 偶然微生物入侵，大量研究的广泛文献综述 专门研究引入实验环境的微生物的命运 系统（实验室（或试验台）、中试和隔离全尺寸）已经完成。在里面 在这些实验中，使用了各种类型的微生物，包括致病微生物， 在有或没有消毒剂残留的情况下。根据实验结果 设置、监测散装水和/或生物膜中的生物体。 这篇综述表明，关于消毒剂残留效果的结论 防止病原体入侵的措施并不一致。实验室和试点规模 系统会导致对微生物在环境中的持久性进行不同的观察 生物膜。微生物在环境中持续存在的最关键条件 当侵入发生在无流量或低流量情况下时，可以识别水系统 条件（微生物可以在生物膜中积累），以及 在侵入时间和氯化开始之间实现延迟。包括37个参考文献和表格。

In order to determine the effectiveness of a disinfectant residual against an accidental microbial intrusion, an extensive literature review of numerous studies specifically investigating the fate of microorganisms introduced into experimental systems (laboratory- (or bench-), pilot-, and isolated full-scale) has been conducted. In these experiments, various types of microorganisms are used, including pathogenic ones, in the presence or absence of a disinfectant residual. Depending upon the experimental setting, monitoring of the organisms is performed in the bulk water and/or the biofilm. This review shows that the conclusions about the efficacy of a disinfectant residual to protect against pathogen intrusion are not converging. The laboratory- and pilot-scale systems lead to different observations regarding the persistence of microorganisms in biofilms. The most critical conditions in terms of persistence of microorganisms in a water system could be identified when the intrusion takes place under no or low flow conditions (such that the microorganisms can accumulate in the biofilm), and when a delay is achieved between the time of intrusion and the onset of chlorination. Includes 37 references, tables.