在Metropolitan（一个示范规模的工厂）进行了关于 二氧化氯（或其副产品亚氯酸盐）对溴酸盐和氯酸盐的形成和消毒 （CT）后续臭氧氧化期间的信用。用0.5或1.0 mg/L二氧化氯预氧化 在加入臭氧之前，溴酸盐的生成减少，贾第鞭毛虫数量增加 臭氧灭活信用。仅添加亚氯酸盐（0.7 mg/L）可降低溴酸盐含量 信用的形成和消毒。结果表明，亚氯酸盐的存在反应迅速 使用臭氧，减少可用于溴酸盐生成或消毒的臭氧量 信用或者，在这些试验中添加二氧化氯似乎满足了更多的要求 氧化剂的需求量大于所产生的亚氯酸盐所产生的氧化剂需求量，从而产生净效益 溴酸盐控制和加强消毒。在这些试验中，亚氯酸盐被氧化成氯酸盐， 如果将来对氯酸盐进行监管，则需要考虑这一点（目前正在采取行动） 加州氯酸盐含量为0.8 mg/L）。 在其他试验中，低pH值臭氧氧化（6.5）将溴酸盐的生成降低到其最大值以下 污染物水平为10微克/升。二氧化氯预氧化和低pH值的组合 臭氧氧化进一步减少了溴酸盐的生成。 本文讨论了每种方法的相对优点 控制溴酸盐生成和达到消毒目标的方法。包括13个参考文献、图表。

Research was conducted at Metropolitan (at a demonstration-scale plant) on the effects of chlorine dioxide (or its byproduct chlorite) on bromate and chlorate formation and disinfection (CT) credit during subsequent ozonation. Pre-oxidation with 0.5 or 1.0 mg/L chlorine dioxide just prior to ozone addition resulted in reduced bromate formation and increased Giardia inactivation credit from ozone. The addition of chlorite only (0.7 mg/L) reduced bromate formation and disinfection credit. The results suggest that the presence of chlorite reacts rapidly with ozone, reducing the amount of ozone available for either bromate formation or disinfection credit. Alternatively, the addition of chlorine dioxide in these tests appeared to satisfy more of the oxidant demand than that exerted by the chlorite produced, resulting in a net benefit in bromate control and increased disinfection. In these tests, chlorite was oxidized to chlorate, which needs to be considered if chlorate is regulated in the future (currently there is an action level of 0.8 mg/L for chlorate in California). In additional tests, low-pH ozonation (6.5) reduced bromate formation below its maximum contaminant level of 10 µg/L. Combinations of chlorine dioxide pre-oxidation and low-pH ozonation further reduced bromate formation. This paper discusses the relative merits of each approach for controlling bromate formation and meeting disinfection goals. Includes 13 references, figures.