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Quantitative Assessment of the Removal of Indicator-Bacteria by Full-Scale Treatment 全面处理去除指示菌的定量评估
发布日期: 2002-09-22
消除耐热大肠菌群(Coli44)和亚硫酸盐还原菌孢子 通过大规模水处理测定梭菌(SSRC) 取样。目的是确定全面治疗过程的疗效 针对微生物,既针对相对敏感的植物细菌 抗药性细菌孢子。在冬季和夏季的两个短时间内 收集了有关Coli44和SSRC被整体实验室消除的信息 处理、单元过程的贡献和消除的可变性。 源水中的大肠杆菌浓度降低了3.2至6.3 log至1 平均浓度足够低,以达到99%以上的合规性 饮用水标准。SSRC的消除率较低(1.4至4.2),且 通过每周例行检查,偶尔在成品水中观察到SSRC(>1%) 取样100毫升样品。这项研究还提供了许多关于这一问题的信息 不同位置单元工艺的消除效率。比如低 两种指标在其中一个全面臭氧氧化过程中失活,不同 混凝后不同絮体去除工艺效果好,去除率低 SSRC是通过过滤过程进行的,过滤床不经常清洗和清洁 冬季治疗因并发凝血功能衰竭而取得突破 以及消毒。 这些信息可以实现流程优化和改进流程控制。将这些突破性事件与原水质量或工艺联系起来 条件可能导致采取措施来预防这些风险事件。 关于全面治疗系统疗效的定量信息也可能是 用作定量风险评估的输入。SSRC数据似乎适用 在抗药性病原体风险的定量评估中,例如 隐孢子虫,用于描述凝血/过滤和消毒的效果 工艺,但不适用于慢速砂滤或颗粒活性炭(GAC)过滤。 包括15个参考文献、表格和图表。
The elimination of thermotolerant coliforms (Coli44) and spores of sulphite-reducing clostridia (SSRC) by full-scale water treatment was determined by large volume sampling. The objective was to determine the efficacy of full-scale treatment processes against microorganisms, both against relatively sensitive vegetative bacteria and resistant bacterial spores. In two short periods in winter and summer, much information was collected about the elimination of Coli44 and SSRC by the overall treatment, the contribution of the unit processes and the variability in elimination. Coli44 concentrations in the source waters were reduced by 3.2 to 6.3 log to an average concentration sufficiently low to achieve more than 99% compliance with the drinking water standard. The elimination of SSRC was lower (1.4 to 4.2) and SSRC were observed occasionally (>1%) in finished water by the routine weekly sampling of 100 ml samples. The study also yielded much information about the elimination efficacy of unit processes at the different locations. For instance low inactivation at one of the full-scale ozonation processes for both indicators, different efficacy of different floc-removal processes after coagulation, low elimination of SSRC by filtration processes with infrequent filter bed cleaning and Coli44 breakthrough through treatment in winter due to concurrent failure of coagulation and disinfection. This information enables process optimization and improved process control. Relating these breakthrough events to raw water quality or process conditions may lead to measures to prevent these risk-events. The quantitative information on efficacy of full scale treatment systems may also be used as input for quantitative risk assessment. SSRC data appear to be applicable in quantitative assessment of the risk of resistant pathogens, such as Cryptosporidium, for describing the efficacy of coagulation/filtration and disinfection processes, but not for slow sand filtration or granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration. Includes 15 references, tables, figures.
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发布单位或类别: 美国-美国给水工程协会
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