本文件规定了通过液体闪烁计数（LSC）测量所有类型水中210Pb的方法。 本方法适用于供水/饮用水、雨水、地表水和地下水，以及冷却水、工业用水、生活污水和工业废水经适当取样和处理，并制备试样后的试样。有必要对试样进行过滤。环境中的铅-210放射性浓度可能会有所不同，通常范围为2 mBq l-1至300 mBq l-1[27][28]。 使用目前可用的液体闪烁计数器，该方法对210Pb的检测限通常为20 mBq l- 1至50 mBq l-1，低于世卫组织安全饮用水标准（100 mBq l−1).[4] [6]对于0.5 l至1.5 l的样品体积，可在180 min至720 min之间的计数时间内获得这些值。可通过稀释样品或使用较小的样品等份或两者来测量较高的活性浓度。本文介绍的方法不适用于测定超痕量210Pb。 应用范围取决于水中溶解物质的数量和测量设备的性能特征（背景计数率和计数效率）。 本文件中描述的方法适用于紧急情况。 该方法不包括悬浮物吸附的铅的分析。 用户有责任确保本测试方法对测试水样的有效性。

This document specifies a method for the measurement of 210Pb in all types of waters by liquid scintillation counting (LSC). The method is applicable to test samples of supply/drinking water, rainwater, surface and ground water, as well as cooling water, industrial water, domestic, and industrial wastewater after proper sampling and handling, and test sample preparation. Filtration of the test sample is necessary. Lead‑210 activity concentration in the environment can vary and usually ranges from 2 mBq l-1 to 300 mBq l-1 [27][28]. Using currently available liquid scintillation counters, the limit of detection of this method for 210Pb is generally of the order of 20 mBq l-1 to 50 mBq l-1, which is lower than the WHO criteria for safe consumption of drinking water (100 mBq l−1).[4][6] These values can be achieved with a counting time between 180 min and 720 min for a sample volume from 0,5 l to 1,5 l. Higher activity concentrations can be measured by either diluting the sample or using smaller sample aliquots or both. The method presented in this document is not intended for the determination of an ultra-trace amount of 210Pb. The range of application depends on the amount of dissolved material in the water and on the performance characteristics of the measurement equipment (background count rate and counting efficiency). The method described in this document is applicable to an emergency situation. The analysis of Pb adsorbed to suspended matter is not covered by this method. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for the water samples tested.