压力容器中喷嘴的存在会在开口附近产生局部应力增加的区域。本研究的目的是提供实验数据，以显示喷嘴的一般应力状态。这项研究是针对圆柱壳中包含的三种类型的出口进行的: （a） 五个热成型轮廓喷嘴，（b）四个插入式喷嘴，以及（c）一个由环形垫加强的接合点。 喷嘴的尺寸、出口周围加固材料的数量和分布各不相同。对支管施加了内部压力和各种外部荷载。

The presence of a nozzle in a pressure vessel creates a region of increased localized stress in the vicinity of the opening. The purpose of this study is to provide experimental data which show the general state of stress in nozzles. The study was made on three types of outlets contained in cylindrical shells: (a) five hot-formed contoured nozzles,(b) four insert nozzles, and(c) one juncture reinforced by an annular pad. The nozzles differed in size, and in the amount and distribution of the reinforcing material around the outlets. Internal pressure and various external loads to the branch pipe were applied.