1.1 这些试验方法包括通过火焰原子吸收光谱法（AAS）测定原油和残余燃料中的镍、钒、铁和钠。本文介绍了两种不同的测试方法。 1.2 程序A，章节 8. – 14 — 火焰原子吸收光谱法用于分析用酸分解的样品，以测定总镍、钒和铁。 1.3 程序B，章节 15 – 20 — 火焰原子吸收光谱法用于分析用有机溶剂稀释的样品，以测定镍、钒和钠。该试验方法使用油溶性金属进行校准，以测定溶解的金属，并不旨在定量测定或检测不溶性颗粒。因此，该测试方法可能低估了以无机钠盐形式存在的金属含量，尤其是钠。 1.4 这些试验方法所涵盖的浓度范围由仪器的灵敏度、分析所取样品的数量和稀释体积决定。 具体声明见 注1 . 1.5 对于每个元素，每个测试方法都有其独特的精度。用户可以根据具体分析所需的精度选择适当的测试方法。 1.6 以国际单位制表示的值应视为标准值。除非特别说明，否则本标准不包括其他测量单位。本标准中出现的其他单位仅用于信息目的，或因为它们位于无法编辑的嵌入图片中。 1.7 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 具体警告声明见 8.1 , 9.2 , 9.5 , 11.2 , 11.4 和 16.1 . 1.8 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《国际标准、指南和建议制定原则决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 =====意义和用途====== 5.1 当燃料燃烧时，燃料中存在的金属会形成对金属部件具有腐蚀性的低熔点化合物。石油中痕量金属会在加工过程中使催化剂失活。这些试验方法提供了一种定量测定钒、镍、铁和钠浓度的方法。因此，这些测试方法可用于帮助确定原油和渣油的质量和价值。

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of nickel, vanadium, iron, and sodium in crude oils and residual fuels by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Two different test methods are presented. 1.2 Procedure A, Sections 8 – 14 — Flame AAS is used to analyze a sample that is decomposed with acid for the determination of total Ni, V, and Fe. 1.3 Procedure B, Sections 15 – 20 — Flame AAS is used to analyze a sample diluted with an organic solvent for the determination of Ni, V, and Na. This test method uses oil-soluble metals for calibration to determine dissolved metals and does not purport to quantitatively determine nor detect insoluble particulates. Hence, this test method may underestimate the metal content, especially sodium, present as inorganic sodium salts. 1.4 The concentration ranges covered by these test methods are determined by the sensitivity of the instruments, the amount of sample taken for analysis, and the dilution volume. A specific statement is given in Note 1 . 1.5 For each element, each test method has its own unique precision. The user can select the appropriate test method based on the precision required for the specific analysis. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard, unless specifically stated. Other units that appear in this standard are included for information purposes only or because they are in embedded pictures that cannot be edited. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 8.1 , 9.2 , 9.5 , 11.2 , 11.4 , and 16.1 . 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 When fuels are combusted, metals present in the fuels can form low melting compounds that are corrosive to metal parts. Metals present at trace levels in petroleum can deactivate catalysts during processing. These test methods provide a means of quantitatively determining the concentrations of vanadium, nickel, iron, and sodium. Thus, these test methods can be used to aid in determining the quality and value of the crude oil and residual oil.