如果不能很好地控制火灾烟气，高层建筑火灾往往会造成灾难性的巨大损失。在烟囱效应的驱动下，烟雾通常会通过大型和/或垂直空间（如中庭、楼梯井和电梯井等）在建筑中传播，由于复杂的建筑结构，这些空间很难预测。计算流体力学（CFD）作为一种能够提供火灾烟气传播详细信息的模拟工具，已被广泛应用于这些大型/垂直空间的消防研究。然而，由于需要大量的计算资源和时间，很少有研究使用CFD来模拟全尺寸高层火灾烟气蔓延，更重要的是，如何尽可能简化全尺寸建筑的模型，以满足实际计算需求，同时保持模拟精度。本研究使用美国国家标准与技术研究所（NIST）开发的CFD模型火灾动力学模拟器（FDS），对火灾烟气扩散和控制策略进行全面建模- 大尺寸的高层建筑。该建筑有两座塔楼，一座93米（305英尺）的塔楼有30层，另一座60米（197英尺）的塔楼有20层，每座塔楼有一个三层地面停车位、两个楼梯间和一个电梯井。研究了不同的火灾烟气控制系统，包括机械排烟系统、楼梯间增压系统和建筑物内的专用排烟系统。根据模拟结果，研究了楼梯间内的烟温、烟流和压力分布。研究发现，如果楼梯间增压系统和专用排烟系统设计得当，可以保证楼梯间的安全。将增压系统应用于所有楼梯井时，应仔细检查压力分布，因为这可能会导致楼梯井内压力过高，从而影响疏散过程。关于全方位建模的一些重要经验- 本文还对CFD模拟的高层建筑尺寸进行了推广和分享。引用:2017年年度会议，加利福尼亚州长滩，会议论文

High-rise building fires often lead to disastrous and enormous losses if the fire smoke is not well controlled. Driven by stack effect, smoke often spreads across a building through large and/or vertical spaces, e.g. atria, stairwells and elevator shafts etc., which are difficult to be predicted due to the complex building structures. As a simulation tool that could provide detailed information on the fire smoke spreads, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been widely applied to the study of fire protection in these large/vertical spaces. However, few studies use CFD to simulate full-size high-rise fire smoke spreads because of extensive computing resources and time required, and more importantly, the challenges of how to model the full-size building with as simplified as possible to meet practical computing demands and maintain simulation accuracy at the same time. This study uses the CFD model, Fire dynamics simulator (FDS) developed by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), to model the fire smoke spreads and control strategies in a full-size high-rise building. The building has two towers, one 93-m (305-ft) tower with 30 stories and the other 60-m (197-ft) with 20 stories, a three-story ground level parking spaces, two stairwells and one elevator shaft in each tower. Different fire smoke control systems are studied including mechanical exhaust system, pressurization system for the stairwells, and dedicated smoke shaft exhaust system in the building. Smoke temperature, smoke flow and pressure distribution inside the stairwells were studied based on the simulation results. It was found that the stairwell pressurization system, and the dedicated smoke shaft exhaust system could keep stairwell safe when they are designed appropriately. Pressure distribution should be examined carefully when applying the pressurization system to all the stairwells because it would potentially result in excessive pressures inside the stairwell, impairing the evacuation process. Some important experiences about modeling full-size high-rise buildings by CFD simulation were also generalized and shared in this paper.