1.1 本指南概述了API MPMS第10章中有关原油的水和沉积物测定方法。本指南的目的是提供这些方法的快速参考，以便读者能够根据相关的优点、用途、缺点和限制，就使用哪种方法做出适当的决定。 1.2 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。本标准中不包括其他计量单位。 1.3 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.4 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ===意义和用途====== 4.1 理论上，所有沉积物和水的测定方法都适用于0 % 至100 % 沉积物和水的体积；在每个方法的范围内指定应用范围。所有方法的圆知更鸟都是在相对干燥的油上进行的。方法中包含的所有精度和偏差声明均基于循环数据。由于难以获得具有代表性的样品并在分析开始前保持样品质量，因此含水量较高的原油的分析变得更具挑战性。 4.2 目前，Karl Fischer通常用于含5 % 水蒸馏最常用于干原油和湿原油，并且可以进行单独的沉积物分析，或者在沉积物结果不显著的情况下。实验室离心机方法允许在一次分析中测定总沉积物和水。当无法进入受控实验室条件时，使用现场离心机方法。 4.3 如果就沉积物和含水量发生争议，合同各方可参考技术规范表，根据对原油或产物流的了解和经验，确定最合适的裁判方法。

1.1 This guide covers a summary of the water and sediment determination methods from the API MPMS Chapter 10 for crude oils. The purpose of this guide is to provide a quick reference to these methodologies such that the reader can make the appropriate decision regarding which method to use based on the associated benefits, uses, drawbacks and limitations. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Theoretically, all of the sediment and water determination methods are valid for crude oils containing from 0 % to 100 % by volume sediment and water; the range of application is specified within the scope of each method. The round robins for all methods were conducted on relatively dry oil. All precision and bias statements included in the methods are based upon the round robin data. Analysis becomes more challenging with crude oils containing higher water contents due to the difficulty in obtaining a representative sample, and maintaining the sample quality until analysis begins. 4.2 Currently, Karl Fischer is generally used for dry crude oils containing less than 5 % water. Distillation is most commonly used for dry and wet crude oils and where separate sediment analysis is available or in situations where the sediment result is not significant. The laboratory centrifuge methods allow for determination of total sediment and water in a single analysis. The field centrifuge method is used when access to controlled laboratory conditions are not available. 4.3 In the event of a dispute with regard to sediment and water content, contracting parties may refer to the technical specifications table to determine the most appropriate referee method based upon knowledge of and experience with the crude oil or product stream.