前言:这是CSA N290的第二版。14、核电厂仪表和控制应用中使用的数字硬件和软件的鉴定。它取代了2007年出版的前一版本，标题为“核电厂安全相关仪表和控制应用中使用的预开发软件的资格认证”。本标准已扩展至涵盖更广泛的软件鉴定应用，并涵盖数字系统的硬件鉴定。本标准确立了核电厂中使用的数字仪表和控制系统及部件的鉴定程序，并为鉴定一旦确立就进行维护提供了指导。 本标准涉及特定于应用的资格认证。它概述了一组鉴定问题和故障模式，允许在应用环境中评估候选产品。本标准旨在供核电厂的许可证持有人以及核电厂系统和部件的设计师、制造商和制造商使用。本标准采用了其他国家和国际标准及行业指南中规定的安全类别选择过程。其他CSA和IEC标准提供了关于设备鉴定的进一步指导。 本标准是关于核电厂反应堆控制系统、安全系统和仪表的一系列标准之一。CSA N系列标准为核设施和活动的管理提供了一套相互关联的要求。CSA N286为管理层提供全面指导，以制定和实施健全的管理实践和控制措施，而其他CSA核标准则提供支持管理体系的技术要求和指导。本标准与CSA N286一致，不重复CSA N286的一般要求； 然而，它可能会为这些要求提供更具体的指导。提醒用户，在加拿大，核设施的设计、运行和运行均受本标准的约束。范围:1.1本标准规定了核电站仪表和控制应用中使用的数字硬件和软件的鉴定过程要求。注:1）本标准适用于包含软件或可编程逻辑（例如:。 g、 、专用集成电路（ASIC）、复杂可编程逻辑器件（CPLD）和现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）等设备。2）本标准可采用分级方法为核电站以外的核设施提供指导。1.2本标准直接参考与功能分类、硬件鉴定方面和软件鉴定方面相关主题的其他行业标准。1.3本标准不适用于商业系统（例如，商业应用程序、台式计算机、电子邮件、商业网络）、分析软件（例如:。 g、 ，科学、工程和安全分析软件）或无源设备（如电线），除非它们是安全相关计算系统的一部分。 注:有关分析软件的要求，请参考CSA N286。7.1.4附录E根据最近的最佳实践和运行经验，提供了侧重于数字项目集成特有活动的指南。注:参考CSA N290。12.关于人为因素的整合问题。1.5本标准假设候选产品之前已被评估为在功能上适合拟定应用。 注:功能适用性是指确定产品满足规定要求的程度，包括确认数字项的使用不与应用要求相冲突。本标准用于在确定后对产品进行鉴定。1.6在本标准中，“应”用于表示要求，即用户为遵守本标准而有义务满足的规定；“应该”用于表示建议或建议但不需要的建议；“可”用于表示一个选项或在标准范围内允许的选项。 注释随附条款不包括要求或替代要求；随附条款的注释的目的是将解释性或信息性材料与文本分开。表和图的注释被视为表或图的一部分，可以作为要求编写。附件被指定为规范性（强制性）或信息性（非强制性）以定义其应用。

Preface:This is the second edition of CSA N290.14,Qualification of digital hardware and software for use in instrumentation and control applications for nuclear power plants. It supersedes the previous edition published in 2007 under the titleQualification of pre-developed software for use in safety-related instrumentation and control applications in nuclear power plants.This Standard has been expanded to cover a wider range of software qualification applications, and also covers hardware qualification of digital systems. This Standard establishes a qualification process for digital instrumentation and control systems and components for use in nuclear power plants and provides guidance for maintaining qualification once it has been established. This Standard addresses application-specific qualification. It outlines a set of qualification concerns and failure modes that allow candidate products to be assessed within the context of their applications. It is intended for this Standard to be used by the licensees of nuclear power plants, as well as the designers, manufacturers, and fabricators of nuclear power plant systems and components.This Standard adopts a selection process for safety categories as provided in other national and international standards and industry guides. Further guidance on equipment qualification is provided by other CSA and IEC standards.This Standard is one of a series of standards on reactor control systems, safety systems, and instrumentation for nuclear power plants.The CSA N-Series of Standards provides an interlinked set of requirements for the management of nuclear facilities and activities. CSA N286 provides overall direction to management to develop and implement sound management practices and controls, while the other CSA nuclear Standards provide technical requirements and guidance that support the management system. This Standard works in harmony with CSA N286 and does not duplicate the generic requirements of CSA N286; however, it may provide more specific direction for those requirements.Users of this Standard are reminded that the design, manufacture, construction, commissioning, operation, and decommissioning of nuclear facilities in Canada are subject to the provisions of theNuclear Safety and Control Actand its supporting Regulations.Scope:1.1This Standard defines requirements for the process of qualification of digital hardware and software for use in instrumentation and control applications for NPPs.Notes:1)This Standard applies to individual safety-related programmable digital devices containing software or programmable logic (e.g., devices such as application-specific integrated circuit (ASICs), complex programmable logic device (CPLD), and field-programmable gate array (FPGAs)).2)This Standard may provide guidance for nuclear facilities other than NPPs, using a graded approach.1.2This Standard refers directly to other industry standards for topics related to the categorization of functions, hardware qualification aspects, and software qualification aspects.1.3This Standard does not apply to business systems (e.g., business applications, desktop computers, email, business networks), analysis software (e.g., scientific, engineering, and safety analysis software), or passive devices (e.g., wires), unless they are part of a safety-related computing system. Note:For requirements related to analysis software refer to CSA N286.7.1.4Annex E, provides guidance that focuses on activities unique to the integration of a digital item, based on recent best practice and operating experience.Note:Refer to CSA N290.12 for integration concerns with respect to human factors.1.5This Standard assumes that the candidate product has been previously assessed as functionally suitable for the proposed application.Note:Functional suitability is a determination of the degree to which a product can meet the specified requirements including confirmation that the use of the digital item does not conflict with the requirements of the application. This Standard is used to qualify the product after this determination is made.1.6In this Standard, "shall" is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; "should" is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and "may" is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Standard. Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material. Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements. Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.