1.1本指南涵盖了一系列选项，但未指定行动方案。它不应被用作比较的唯一标准或基础，也不应取代或解除专业判断。 1.2本指南包含地下水（水文地质）报告作者在指定适当衍生和格式的含水层命名法时的说明和建议。讨论了可能需要名称识别的含水单元，从大到小依次为含水层系统、含水层和地带。提供了选择含水层名称来源的指南，这些名称来自岩性术语、岩石地层单位和地理名称。 1.3包括可用于定义水文地质框架的比较图表示例。本文举例说明了11种不同的假设含水层环境，以演示命名过程。 1.4对不建议作为含水层名称来源的项目类别进行了审查，因为尽管应避免此类项目，但它们出现在已发布的文件中。这些类别如下:时间地层名称、相对位置、字母数字名称、沉积环境、产状深度、首字母缩略词和水文条件。 1.5讨论了限制单元，建议不应命名这些单元，除非这样做明确促进了对特定含水层系统的理解。 建议的封闭单元名称来源与含水层名称对应，包括岩性术语、岩石地层单元和地理名称。 1.6建议在涉及水文地质学的报告中，作者应首先考虑不命名含水层（见6.2）。 1.7评估了格式和表达风格，以及与含水层和封闭单元名称选择相关的一般注意事项。 1.8本指南是对先前发布的报告的修改 (1) . 1.9 本指南提供了有组织的信息收集或一系列选项，并不推荐具体的行动方案。本指南不能取代教育或经验，应与专业判断结合使用。 并非本指南的所有方面都适用于所有情况。本指南无意代表或取代必须根据其判断特定专业服务是否充分的谨慎标准，也不应在不考虑项目的许多独特方面的情况下应用本指南。文字 “ 标准 ” 在本文件标题中，仅表示该文件已通过ASTM共识程序获得批准。 ====意义和用途====== 水文地质学家在评估一段土料的水力特性时的一个基本要求是定义和绘制水文地质单元、含水层和限制单元，这些单元是根据相对渗透率确定的。 水文地质单元的讨论通过单独的命名来促进（见实践） D5409 , D5434 和 D5474 ). 水文地质单元的确定基于间接方法、地质材料知识（地质测绘、地表地球物理调查、钻孔地球物理日志、钻屑和岩芯描述等）和水力测试（含水层测试、岩芯样品的实验室渗透性测试等）。 如果横向和纵向追踪，所有岩石单元的物理性质都会发生变化。岩石单元被不整合面和断层破坏，这些不整合面和断层可能影响地下水流动，也可能不影响地下水流动。因此，指定和命名含水层和封闭单元的过程在某种程度上是主观的，如果没有充分的记录，可能会导致混淆。 如果该指南直接适用、灵活，并且适用于从特定地点到区域的各种规模的研究，则命名含水层的指南可以帮助避免与水文地质学研究相关的一些混淆和问题。 遵循的准则包括讨论含水层术语、水文地质框架的定义、建议的含水层命名程序以及含水层命名示例。 这些准则是水文地质学家对含水层命名问题进行多次讨论的结果。虽然尚未就这些提案达成一致意见，但这些活动为创造额外的思考和讨论提供了极其有用的目的。

1.1 This guide covers a series of options but does not specify a course of action. It should not be used as the sole criterion or basis of comparison and does not replace or relieve professional judgement. 1.2 This guide contains instructions and suggestions for authors of groundwater (hydrogeologic) reports in assigning appropriately derived and formatted aquifer nomenclature. Discussed are the water-bearing units that may require name identification, which are, ranked from largest to smallest, aquifer system, aquifer, and zone. Guidance is given on choosing the source of aquifer names, those are from lithologic terms, rock-stratigraphic units, and geographic names. 1.3 Included are examples of comparison charts and tables that can be used to define the hydrogeologic framework. Illustrations of eleven different hypothetical aquifer settings are presented to demonstrate the naming process. 1.4 Categories of items not suggested as a source of aquifer names are reviewed because, although they should be avoided, they occur in published documents. These categories are the following: time-stratigraphic names, relative position, alphanumeric designations, depositional environment, depth of occurrence, acronyms, and hydrologic conditions. 1.5 Confining units are discussed with the suggestion that these units should not be named unless doing so clearly promotes an understanding of a particular aquifer system. Suggested sources of names for confining units correspond to those for aquifer names, which are lithologic terms, rock-stratigraphic units, and geographic names. 1.6 It is suggested that in reports that involve hydrogeology, the author should consider first not naming aquifers (see 6.2). 1.7 Format and expression styles are assessed along with the general cautions related to name selection of aquifers and confining units. 1.8 This guide is a modification of a previously published report (1) . 1.9 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This guide cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This guide is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this guide be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “ Standard ” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. ====== Significance And Use ====== An essential requirement of hydrogeologists in evaluating the hydraulic properties of a segment of earth materials is to define and map hydrogeologic units, aquifers, and confining units, which are determined on the basis of relative permeability. Discussion of the hydrogeologic units is facilitated by individual designations (see Practices D5409 , D5434 , and D5474 ). Determinations of hydrogeologic units are based on indirect methods, knowledge of the geologic materials (geologic mapping, surface geophysical surveys, borehole geophysical logs, drill-cuttings and core descriptions, and so forth), and hydraulic testing (aquifer tests, laboratory permeability tests on core samples, and so forth). The physical properties of all rock units will change if traced laterally and vertically. The rock units are broken by unconformities and faults, which may or may not affect the flow of groundwater. The process of designating and naming aquifers and confining units, therefore, is a somewhat subjective undertaking, and, if not thoroughly documented, can lead to confusion. Guidelines for naming aquifers can help avoid some of the confusion and problems associated with hydrogeologic studies if the guidelines are straight forward to apply, flexible, and applicable to studies of a variety of scales from site-specific to regional. The guidelines that follow include discussions of the terminology of aquifer nomenclature, the definition of the hydrogeologic framework, the suggested procedures for naming aquifers, and examples of naming aquifers. These guidelines have resulted from numerous discussions on the subject of aquifer nomenclature among hydrogeologists. Although unanimous agreement on these proposals has not been achieved, the exercises provided an extremely useful purpose in creating additional thought and discussion.