本文件描述了测定伽马射线贝克勒尔（Bq）活度的方法 通过伽马射线光谱法在测试样品中释放放射性核素。进行了测量 在测试实验室进行适当的样品制备。测试样品可以是固体、液体或液体 气态的应用包括:-对核设施或排放场所释放的放射性进行常规监测 天然放射性物质水平的提高；-有助于确定环境中放射性的演变调查事故和事件情况，以计划补救措施并监控其后果 有效性；-核退役活动产生的潜在污染废料的评估； -监测土壤、食品、饮用水等介质中的放射性污染， 地下水、海水或污水污泥用于估算体内γ射线放射性核素放射性的摄入量（吸入、摄入或注射）的测量。 假设本文件的用户已获得有关测试组成的信息 样本或网站。在某些情况下，还规定了分析用放射性核素的特征 需要限制。还假设试样已均质化，并代表 正在测试的材料。 包括准备测量样品的一般指南。然而，一些类型的样本 应按照本文件中提及的特定标准的要求编制。这个 一般建议也可用于现场测量伽马射线发射器。 本文件包括关于设备选择（见附录A）、探测器（更详细）的一般建议 信息见附录D），以及仪器调试和方法验证。附录F总结了不同测量参数对典型伽马能谱系统结果的影响。质量控制和日常维护也包括在内，但不包括探测器和脉冲处理电子设备的电气测试。假设使用的任何数据收集和分析软件都已按照相关软件标准（如ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207）编写和测试。 包括使用参考源和/或数值方法进行校准，包括结果验证。它还包括从光谱中估算样品活性含量（Bq）的程序。 本文件中规定的原则适用于通过伽马射线光谱法进行的测量 测试实验室和现场。然而，给出了现场测量的详细要求 在ISO 18589-7中，不属于本文件的范围。 本文件涵盖但不限于在能量场中发射光子的伽马射线发射器 范围为5千电子伏至3000千电子伏。然而，大多数测量值都在40千电子伏到2000千电子伏之间。 活动（Bq）范围从低水平（sub- Bq）在环境样品中发现，以证明在事故条件和高放射性废物中发现的活动。交叉引用:ISO/IEC指南98-3:2008ISO 5500ISO 18400-107ISO 5667-10ISO 18400-104ISO 18400-204ISO 5667-1ISO 17604ISO 18400-103ISO 18400-101ISO/IEC 17025ISO 11929ISO 18589-2ISO 542ISO 5538ISO 18400-102GUM:1995ISO 707ISO 18400-203ISO 24333ISO 18400-205ISO 10703ISO 18589-7ISO 18400-202ISO 18589-3ANSI N42。14-1999ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207IEC 1452:1995IEC 61453ISO 19581ISO 7870-2:2013ISO 13164-2:2013ISO 13779-6:2015ISO 19361:2017ISO 1998-4:1998（R04）ISO 13165-3:2016购买本文件时提供的所有当前修订版均包含在购买本文件中。

This document describes the methods for determining the activity in becquerel (Bq) of gamma-ray emitting radionuclides in test samples by gamma-ray spectrometry. The measurements are carried out in a testing laboratory following proper sample preparation. The test samples can be solid, liquid or gaseous. Applications include:— routine surveillance of radioactivity released from nuclear installations or from sites discharging enhanced levels of naturally occurring radioactive materials;— contributing to determining the evolution of radioactivity in the environment;— investigating accident and incident situations, in order to plan remedial actions and monitor their effectiveness;— assessment of potentially contaminated waste materials from nuclear decommissioning activities;— surveillance of radioactive contamination in media such as soils, foodstuffs, potable water, groundwaters, seawater or sewage sludge;— measurements for estimating the intake (inhalation, ingestion or injection) of activity of gamma-ray emitting radionuclides in the body. It is assumed that the user of this document has been given information on the composition of the test sample or the site. In some cases, the radionuclides for analysis have also been specified if characteristic limits are needed. It is also assumed that the test sample has been homogenised and is representative of the material under test. General guidance is included for preparing the samples for measurement. However, some types of sample are to be prepared following the requirements of specific standards referred to in this document. The generic recommendations can also be useful for the measurement of gamma-ray emitters in situ. This document includes generic advice on equipment selection (see Annex A), detectors (more detailed information is included in Annex D), and commissioning of instrumentation and method validation. Annex F summarises the influence of different measurement parameters on results for a typical gamma-ray spectrometry system. Quality control and routine maintenance are also covered, but electrical testing of the detector and pulse processing electronics is excluded. It is assumed that any data collection and analysis software used has been written and tested in accordance with relevant software standards such as ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207. Calibration using reference sources and/or numerical methods is covered, including verification of the results. It also covers the procedure to estimate the activity content of the sample (Bq) from the spectrum. The principles set out in this document are applicable to measurements by gamma-ray spectrometry in testing laboratories and in situ. However, the detailed requirements for in situ measurement are given in ISO 18589-7 and are outside the scope of this document. This document covers, but is not restricted to, gamma-ray emitters which emit photons in the energy range of 5 keV to 3 000 keV. However, most of the measurements fall into the range 40 keV to 2 000 keV. The activity (Bq) ranges from the low levels (sub-Bq) found in environmental samples to activities found in accident conditions and high level radioactive wastes.Cross References:ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008ISO 5500ISO 18400-107ISO 5667-10ISO 18400-104ISO 18400-204ISO 5667-1ISO 17604ISO 18400-103ISO 18400-101ISO/IEC 17025ISO 11929ISO 18589-2ISO 542ISO 5538ISO 18400-102GUM:1995ISO 707ISO 18400-203ISO 24333ISO 18400-205ISO 10703ISO 18589-7ISO 18400-202ISO 18589-3ANSI N42.14-1999ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207IEC 1452:1995IEC 61453ISO 19581ISO 7870-2:2013ISO 13164-2:2013ISO 13779-6:2015ISO 19361:2017ISO 1998-4:1998 (R04)ISO 13165-3:2016All current amendments available at time of purchase are included with the purchase of this document.