1.1 本实践涵盖了使用高压灰化器(HPA)制备油和含油废物样品的高压高温消解技术，以便通过电感耦合等离子体-原子发射等离子体光谱(ICP-AES)、冷蒸汽原子吸收光谱(CVAAS)、石墨炉原子吸收光谱(GFAAS)、电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICPMS)和放射化学方法测定多达28种不同的元素。来自核和非核制造过程的油性和高百分比有机废物流可以成功制备，用于通过ICP-AES、CVAAS和GFAAS测定微量元素。本惯例适用于这些混合废物中总微量元素的测定。通过这种做法制备的样品可用于表征危险废物处理焚烧炉接收的有机混合废物流，并用于表征废物流的总元素。1.2 本惯例仅适用于含有放射性水平且不需要特殊人员或环境保护免受放射性或其他急性危害的有机废物流。 1.3 在含油废物流中测定的元素列表见 表1 . 1.4 这种做法已被成功地用于完全消化来自核处理设施的各种油和含油混合废物流。虽然该做法已被用于报告多达28种微量元素的数据，但不应期望其成功适用于每个样本中的所有分析物。这些含油废物的总体性质往往是异质的，这可能会影响结果。制备样品的均匀性对于结果的精密度和质量至关重要。 1.5 本规范旨在适用于其他监管程序或要求（如美国。美国环境保护署(EPA)SW-846和EPA-600/4-79-020文件。该消解实践旨在提供高水平的准确度和精密度，但不能取代或超越样品制备的任何监管要求。 1.6 本实践使用高压（90巴至110巴、89大气压至108大气压或1305磅/英寸）下的危险材料、操作和设备。 2 至1595磅/英寸。 2 ）和高达320°C的高温，因此如果操作不当会造成重大危险。 1.7 以SI单位表示的值将被视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.7.1 例外- 压力测量值以磅/英寸给出。单位。 1.8 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全性问题（如果有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践并确定法规限制的适用性。 第节给出了具体的警告声明 10 . 1.9 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ======意义和用途====== 5.1 这种做法可用于制备难以消化的样品，主要是油和含油废物，用于通过原子吸收或等离子体发射技术测定多达28种元素的微量元素。通过高压灰化制备样品主要适用于根据EPA SW-846方案制备不适用或未定义的样品。本样品制备实践适用于废物处理设施（如焚烧炉或废物稳定化设施）使用的混合含油废物的微量元素表征。

1.1 This practice covers a high-pressure, high-temperature digestion technique using the high-pressure asher (HPA) for preparation of oils and oily waste specimens for determination of up to 28 different elements by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission plasma spectroscopy (ICP-AES), cold-vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy (CVAAS), and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICPMS), and radiochemical methods. Oily and high-percentage organic waste streams from nuclear and non-nuclear manufacturing processes can be successfully prepared for trace element determinations by ICP-AES, CVAAS, and GFAAS. This practice is applicable to the determination of total trace elements in these mixed wastes. Specimens prepared by this practice can be used to characterize organic mixed waste streams received by hazardous waste treatment incinerators and for total element characterization of the waste streams. 1.2 This practice is applicable only to organic waste streams that contain radioactivity levels that do not require special personnel or environmental protection from radioactivity or other acute hazards. 1.3 A list of elements determined in oily waste streams is found in Table 1 . 1.4 This practice has been used successfully to completely digest a large variety of oils and oily mixed waste streams from nuclear processing facilities. While the practice has been used to report data on up to 28 trace elements, its success should not be expected for all analytes in every specimen. The overall nature of these oily wastes tends to be heterogeneous that can affect the results. Homogeneity of the prepared sample is critical to the precision and quality of the results. 1.5 This practice is designed to be applicable to samples whose preparation practices are not defined, or not suitable, by other regulatory procedures or requirements, such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) SW-846 and EPA-600/4-79-020 documents. This digestion practice is designed to provide a high level of accuracy and precision, but does not replace or override any regulatory requirements for sample preparation. 1.6 This practice uses hazardous materials, operations, and equipment at high pressure (90 bars to 110 bars, 89 atm to 108 atm, or 1305 lb/in. 2 to 1595 lb/in. 2 ) and high temperatures, up to 320 °C, and therefore poses significant hazards if not operated properly. 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.7.1 Exception— Pressure measurements are given in lb/in. units. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Section 10 . 1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This practice is useful for preparation of difficult-to-digest, primarily oils and oily wastes, specimens for trace element determinations of up to 28 elements by atomic absorption or plasma emission techniques. Specimen preparation by high-pressure ashing is primarily applicable to specimens whose preparation by EPA SW-846 protocols is either not applicable or not defined. This sample preparation practice is applicable for the trace element characterization of mixed oily wastes for use by waste treatment facilities such as incinerators or waste stabilization facilities.