帕塞克河谷水资源委员会已经对其小瀑布的水资源进行了重大升级 处理厂采用先进的处理理念，以实现高质量 来自地表水源的成品水。升级是必要的 为了符合第一阶段消毒剂/消毒副产品规则 以及临时强化地表水处理规则。小瀑布水处理 该工厂位于新泽西州东北部，设计产能为110 MGD。这个 最初的常规处理工艺为铝基混凝，然后 一次和二次Cl2消毒和双介质无烟煤/沙子或颗粒活性炭（GAC）/沙子 过滤正在被使用铁的高速砂压载预处理所取代- 基于 混凝、中间臭氧氧化和双介质GAC/砂生物过滤。因此 该工艺的化学成分与传统工艺有显著不同，且 以多阶段方式实施。 升级的第一阶段于2003年2月启动。2003年春天， 大量水资源变色客户投诉似乎与水资源价格上涨有关 成品水锰含量。虽然水源水中存在锰，但 本次升级期间，成品水总锰从0.01 ppm增加至0.04 ppm 由于使用三氯化铁作为主要混凝剂，消除了预氯化 以及用GAC/砂介质替换现有无烟煤/砂过滤器 以及相关的植物条件变化。 锰是铁中已知的杂质 氯化物，其中杂质浓度在600至700 mg/L范围内，浓度为40% 解决方案 在这次变色水事件之后，一项评估和控制 进行了锰试验。研究设计旨在监测不溶性和可溶性 源水中的锰，通过单独的单元处理过程和 分配系统。此外，由于LFWTP的升级包括分阶段实施 新装置在生产过程中分阶段处理工艺，提供有效的 在升级的中间阶段采取了锰控制策略。 质量平衡分析表明处理过程中锰的主要来源 就是上面讨论的那些。 由过滤器组成的循环流的贡献 值得注意的是，反冲洗水和残渣浓缩过程中的倾析。 影响pH值、滞留时间和使用的化学品的工艺变化会影响锰 由于不同的氧化状态和相应的可溶/不溶形式而产生的氧化 氧化产生的锰。本文探讨了分阶段的过程 与锰氧化和后续去除相关的升级变化 氧化物。包括5个参考文献、图表。

Passaic Valley Water Commission has instituted a major upgrade of its Little Falls Water Treatment plant that incorporates advanced treatment concepts to achieve high quality finished water originating from a surface water source. The upgrade was necessary in order to achieve compliance with the Stage 1 Disinfectant/Disinfection Byproduct Rule and Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule. The Little Falls Water Treatment Plant is located in northeastern New Jersey and has a design capacity of 110 MGD. The original conventional treatment process with aluminum-based coagulation followed by primary and secondary Cl2-disinfection and dual-media anthracite/sand or granular activated carbon (GAC)/sand filtration is being replaced with high-rate sand-ballasted pretreatment using iron-based coagulation, intermediate ozonation and dual media GAC/sand biological filtration. Thus the process chemistries are significantly different from the conventional route and are being implemented in a multi-phased approach. The first phase of the upgrade was initiated in February 2003. In the spring of 2003, numerous discolored water customer complaints seemed to correlate with a rise in finished water manganese levels. Although manganese is present in the source waters, the increase in finished water total manganese from 0.01 to 0.04 ppm during this upgrade is attributed to the use of ferric chloride as the primary coagulant, elimination of prechlorination and the replacement of existing anthracite/sand filters with GAC/sand media and the associated changes in plant conditions. Manganese is a known impurity in ferric chloride, where the impurity concentration is in the range of 600 to 700 mg/L for a 40% solution. After this discolored water event, a systematic study for the evaluation and control of manganese was undertaken. The study design was to monitor both insoluble and soluble manganese in the source waters, through individual unit treatment processes and in the distribution system. In addition, since the upgrade of the LFWTP consisted of phasing in the new unit treatment processes in stages while in production, provisions for effective manganese control strategies for the intermediate phases of the upgrade was undertaken. Mass balance analysis indicated the major sources of manganese in the treatment process to be those discussed above. The contribution from recycle streams consisting of filter backwash water and residuals thickening process decant, among others, is noteworthy. Process changes that affect pH, detention times and chemicals used impact manganese oxidation due to different oxidation states and the corresponding soluble/insoluble forms of manganese that can result from oxidation. This paper explores the phased process changes of the upgrade as it relates to manganese oxidation and subsequent removal of the oxide. Includes 5 references, figures.