1.1 本指南涵盖能力验证计划（PTP）结果的评估和解释。对于能力验证项目参与者，本指南描述了评估参与者相对于集体PT项目结果的结果的程序，并基于对结果和见解的评估，潜在地提高实验室的测试性能。对于负责PT项目中包括的测试方法的委员会，本指南描述了评估行业执行测试方法的能力和潜在识别改进机会的程序。 1.2 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.3 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 本指南可用于评估参与石油和石油产品能力验证（PT）计划的实验室或实验室组的性能。 5.2 使用本指南中包含的技术积累的数据能够监测分析测量系统的精度和偏差。这些数据有助于更新标准测试方法，以及指示实验室可能采取行动的测量系统改进领域。本指南为各参与实验室和负责的标准制定小组提供以下服务: 5.2.1 参与实验室的工具和方法。 行政审查 标记数据和调查 数据正常性检查 QQ图 直方图 偏差（与平均值的偏差） 运行总和 Z分数，Z ′ -分数趋势 精度性能TPI IND公司 ，F-测试 PTP和单个实验室现场精度的比较 5.2.2 负责标准开发小组的工具和方法。 TPI和精度趋势 通过方框图和晶须图进行偏差和精度比较 正态性评估 相对标准差 非受控变量 5.3 本指南参考了2016-2017年实施的ASTM石油产品、液体燃料和润滑剂国际能力验证计划PTP 2.0版。包含类似显示结果和统计处理的程序报告可能在其他PT程序中可用。 附录X2 总结本指南中引用的统计工具，并 附录X3 是一组示例，包括本指南中描述的QQ图、直方图和运行总和。

1.1 This guide covers the evaluation and interpretation of proficiency test program (PTP) results. For proficiency test program participants, this guide describes procedures for assessing participants’ results relative to the collective PT program results and potentially improving the laboratory’s testing performance based on the assessment of findings and insights. For the committees responsible for the test methods included in PT programs, this guide describes procedures for assessing industry’s ability to perform test methods and for potentially identifying opportunities for improvements. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This guide can be used to evaluate the performance of a laboratory or group of laboratories participating in a proficiency test (PT) program involving petroleum and petroleum products. 5.2 Data accrued, using the techniques included in this guide, provide the ability to monitor analytical measurement system precision and bias. These data are useful for updating standard test methods, as well as for indicating areas of potential measurement system improvement for action by the laboratory. This guide serves both the individual participating laboratory and the responsible standards development group as follows: 5.2.1 Tools and Approaches for Participating Laboratories. Administrative Reviews Flagged Data and Investigations Data Normality Checks QQ Plots Histograms Bias (Deviation from Mean) Run-Sum Z-Scores, Z ′ -Scores Trends Precision Performance—TPI IND , F-test Comparison of PTP and Individual Laboratory Site Precision 5.2.2 Tools and Approaches for Responsible Standards Development Groups. TPI and precision trends Bias and precision comparisons via box & whisker plots Normality evaluations Relative standard deviations Uncontrolled variables 5.3 Reference is made in this guide to the ASTM International Proficiency Test Program on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, version PTP 2.0 implemented in 2016–2017. Program reports containing similarly displayed results and statistical treatments may be available in other PT programs. Appendix X2 summarizes the statistical tools referenced in this guide and Appendix X3 is a collection of examples covering QQ plots, histograms, and Run-Sum described in this guide.