本文讨论了影响饮用水中三卤甲烷（THMs）和总有机卤素（TOX）生成的因素。氧化和取代是消毒剂与水中天然有机物相互作用的重要机制。氧化过程负责去除有机化合物以及THMs和TOX的前体。取代反应是氯进入有机物的来源。这种结合体现在TOX测量中，部分原因是THMs。消毒剂进行氧化和取代反应的能力不同。氯是一种强消毒剂，也是一种强氧化剂，而氯胺（弱消毒剂）几乎和氯一样，通过替代作用添加到有机材料中。 因此，氯和氯胺都会产生TOX，它们产生的氯有机化合物可能会对健康产生不良影响。在决定更换消毒剂之前，必须考虑pH值和氯剂量等操作参数，以获得最佳质量的饮用水。包括62个参考文献、表格和图表。

This article discusses the factors that contribute to the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) and total organic halogen (TOX) in drinking water. Oxidation and substitution are important mechanisms in the interaction between disinfectants and naturally occurring organics in water. Oxidation processes are responsible for the removal of organic compounds and precursors of THMs and TOX. Substitution reactions are the source of chlorine incorporation into the organic matter. This incorporation manifests itself in the TOX measurement, part of which is due to THMs. Disinfectants differ in their abilities to carry out oxidation and substitution reactions. Chlorine, a strong disinfectant, is also a strong oxidant, whereas chloramines (weak disinfectants) are nearly as likely as chlorine to add to organic materials by substitution. Thus, both chlorine and chloramines produce TOX and may impart adverse health effects from the chloro-organic compounds they produce. Before a decision is made to change disinfectants, operating parameters such as pH and chlorine dose must be taken into account to achieve the best quality drinking water. Includes 62 references, tables, figures.