Sweetwear Authority（SWA）拥有并运营Richard A.Reynolds地下水除盐设施（“除盐厂”），该设施使用反渗透（RO）处理当地地下水。设计了两个含水层（TDF）和两个溶解的含水层（SDF）井，以去除圣地亚哥的所有固体。2000年初，在电厂的初始启动阶段，当使用冲积井和SDF井时，观察到反渗透膜的快速污染。自2001年2月15日以来，除盐水厂一直在无反渗透膜污染的情况下运行，仅使用SDF井作为给水源。 造成快速结垢的部分原因是冲积层和圣地亚哥地层井中的铁和锰。冲积井的总铁含量在0.42至2.9 mg/L之间，总锰含量在1.0至2.6 mg/L之间。SDF井的总铁含量在未检测到至0.42 mg/L之间，总锰含量在0.06至1.90 mg/L之间。本研究考察了曝气和低压膜过滤（微滤和超滤并行）预处理工艺组合对铁和锰的氧化和去除，以及有无此类预处理的RO系统的性能。包括表格，数字。

Sweetwater Authority (SWA) owns and operates the Richard A. Reynolds Groundwater Demineralization Facility ("Demin Plant"), which uses reverse osmosis (RO) to treat local groundwater. The RO process was designed to remove total dissolved solids (TDS), and other dissolved constituents, from two groundwater sources, the San Diego Formation (SDF) wells, and the Alluvial (ALL) aquifer wells. Rapid fouling of the RO membranes was observed when the Alluvial and SDF wells were being used during the initial start-up phase of the plant in early 2000. The Demin Plant has been operating without RO membrane fouling since February 15, 2001 using only the SDF wells for the feedwater source. The cause of the rapid fouling has been partially attributed to iron and manganese in the Alluvial and San Diego Formation wells. Alluvial wells have total iron ranging from 0.42 to 2.9 mg/L, and total manganese ranging from 1.0 to 2.6 mg/L. SDF wells have total iron ranging from not detected to 0.42 mg/L, and total manganese ranging from 0.06 to 1.90 mg/L. This study investigated the oxidation and removal of iron and manganese by the pre-treatment process combination of aeration and low-pressure membrane filtration (microfiltration and ultrafiltration in parallel), and the performance of an RO system with and without such pre-treatment. Includes table, figures.