人们对纳滤和反渗透在水处理中的应用感兴趣 从地表水（淡水和海水）生产饮用水 不断增加。自从引入了ultra-or之后，情况尤其如此 作为预处理的微滤，如此配置（由经典 SDI和MFI等污垢处理方法似乎可以保证最佳给水 质量 然而，许多运营商在生产过程中遇到了严重的生物污染问题 此类系统的运行，即膜表面的粘液层增加 对对流的阻力，并显著降低通量。事实上，生物污染可以 使膜处理工艺在经济上不可行。本文讨论了膜的生物污染；膜生物膜的起源； 通过沉积-吸附溶解多糖估算凝胶形成；以及预处理策略的后果。包括6篇参考文献。

The interest in the application of nanofiltration as well as reverse osmosis in the production of drinking water from surface waters (fresh water as well as seawater) is continuously increasing. This is especially true since the introduction of ultra- or microfiltration as pretreatment, as this configuration (as determined with classical methods for fouling like SDI and MFI) seems to guarantee an optimum feed water quality. However, many operators experience severe problems with biofouling during the operation of such systems, i.e., a slime layer on the membrane surface increases resistance to convectional flow and decreases flux dramatically. Biofouling can in fact make a membrane treatment process economically nonviable. This paper discusses biofouling of membranes; origination of membrane biofilms; estimation of gel formation by deposition-adsorption of dissolved polysaccharides; and, consequences for pretreatment strategies. Includes 6 references.