Maerkle蓄水池是加利福尼亚州卡尔斯巴德市的主要饮用水蓄水池，用于维持日常运行需求的存储容量。在里面 此外，当由于输水管道和处理而无法获得进口水时 电厂关闭时，水库用于维持足够的局部蓄水量，以满足 城市的“增长管理要求”，要求卡尔斯巴德市水区（CMWD）维持10天 用于向配水系统供水的储水量。然而，这些存储 这些要求正在影响CMWD维持马尔克尔水质的能力 水库从MWD购买的成品水使用氯胺作为二级水 或残留消毒剂，因此也含有低浓度的氨。 这个 氨的存在是硝化作用和生物降解过程中还原氮的潜在来源 马尔克尔水库的长期停留时间要求对这些水进行特殊处理，以 避免因硝化作用导致水质问题。从历史上看，CMWD实践 断点氯化以去除氨，并在溶液中产生游离氯残留 水库进水。然而，这种做法形成了高浓度的 消毒副产物（DBPs），并可能对水系统产生不良后果 操作和遵守新生效的第一阶段消毒剂和消毒 副产品（D/DBP）规则和即将提出的第2阶段D/DBP规则。之前根据历史数据进行的合规性评估 McGuire Malcolm Pirnie，Inc.（MMP）得出结论，CMWD应该能够遵守 使用阶段1 D/DBP规则，主要是由于全系统的合规性方法 计算然而，即将到来的第2阶段D/DBP规则预计将改变 合规性计算方法，并要求根据具体位置进行计算 平均数。因为断点氯化会在溶液中产生高浓度的TTHM Maerkle污水（有时大于180µg/L），CMWD中的一些位置 分配系统显示TTHM浓度接近70µg/L。MMP， Inc.和CMWD得出结论，目前的运营可能会导致DBP水平下降 构成第2阶段D/DBP规则违反的不合理风险，以及 开始实施一项计划，评估加强DBP形成控制的方案。为了准备和配合，进行了几项实验室规模的实验 进行大规模的马尔克尔示威。已经进行了四组实验室规模的实验 迄今为止已经进行了:使用Costa Mesa的氯胺化自来水进行硝化试验， 加利福尼亚州，这是已知的硝化作用，这个实验是为了 确定是否可以在实验室环境中观察到硝化作用； 使用Maerkle水库的进水进行硝化试验 加入亚氯酸盐以控制硝化作用的分离样品。这些实验非常成功 旨在了解马尔克尔水库的潜在水行为 一旦断点氯化停止，是否存在亚氯酸盐，以及在什么水平， 能够控制/防止硝化； 利用Maerkle水库的进水进行了一项对照试验，该试验于2004年进行 与全面演示平行，以进行比较；和 使用Maerkle水库进水和添加 已知含有硝化细菌的等份水（科斯塔梅萨自来水）中 将样品与绿泥石混合，以验证绿泥石作用于 抑制导致硝化症状的硝化细菌。包括表格、数字。

Maerkle Reservoir, the primary potable water storage reservoir for the City of Carlsbad, California, is used to maintain storage capacity for daily operational needs. In addition, when imported water is not available due to aqueduct and treatment plant shut-downs, the reservoir is used in maintaining sufficient local storage to meet the City's "Growth Management Requirement", which requires Carlsbad Municipal Water District (CMWD) to maintain 10 days of storage to supply water to the distribution system. However, these storage requirements are affecting CMWD's ability to maintain water quality in Maerkle Reservoir. The finished water purchased from MWD uses chloramines as the secondary or residual disinfectant, and thus also contains low concentrations of ammonia. The presence of ammonia serves as a potential source of reduced nitrogen for nitrification and the long residence times in Maerkle Reservoir require special treatment of this water to avoid water quality complications due to nitrification. Historically, CMWD practiced breakpoint chlorination to remove the ammonia and produce a free chlorine residual in the reservoir influent water. However, this practice formed high concentrations of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and may have adverse consequences for water system operation and compliance with the newly effective Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts (D/DBP) Rule and the soon to be proposed Stage 2 D/DBP Rule. A previously conducted compliance assessment based on historical data conducted by McGuire Malcolm Pirnie, Inc. (MMP) concluded that CMWD should be able to comply with the Stage 1 D/DBP Rule, primarily due to the system-wide method of compliance calculation. However, the impending Stage 2 D/DBP Rule is projected to change the method of compliance calculation and require a calculation based on location-specific averages. Because breakpoint chlorination produces high concentrations of TTHMs in the Maerkle effluent (sometimes greater than 180 µg/L), some locations in the CMWD distribution system have exhibited TTHM concentrations approaching 70 µg/L. MMP, Inc. and CMWD concluded that current operations might result in a level of DBP formation that represents an unreasonable risk of Stage 2 D/DBP Rule violation and embarked on a program to evaluate options for enhanced control of DBP formation. Several bench scale experiments were performed in preparation for and in conjunction with the full-scale Maerkle demonstration. Four sets of bench-scale experiments have been performed to-date: a trial nitrification experiment using chloraminated tap water from Costa Mesa, California, that is known to nitrify and this experiment was performed to establish if nitrification could be observed in a bench-scale, laboratory setting; trial nitrification experiments using influent water from Maerkle Reservoir, with split samples spiked with chlorite to control nitrification. These experiments were aimed at obtaining insight on potential behavior of water in Maerkle Reservoir once breakpoint chlorination ceased and whether chlorite, and at what levels, would be capable of controlling/preventing nitrification; a control experiment using influent water from Maerkle Reservoir, conducted in parallel with the full-scale demonstration for comparative purposes; and, trial experiments using Maerkle Reservoir influent water and the addition of aliquots of water known to contain nitrifying bacteria (Costa Mesa tap water) that spiked spilt samples with chlorite to validate the concept that chlorite acts to inhibit the nitrifying bacteria responsible for symptoms of nitrification. Includes tables, figures.