小型系统在满足地表水处理规则的要求方面有特殊问题。他们的选择包括全面的中央处理、替代包装厂和入口设备。本文重点介绍了膜的使用及其在小型系统中的应用，以满足SWTR的要求，即作为过滤的替代物去除颗粒。超滤和微滤已被证明对颗粒物去除非常有效，因此这些系统在满足SWTR处理需求方面有着特殊的应用。膜过滤的系统组成包括预处理、膜处理、后处理和残渣处理。描述了UF和MF特性，以及典型操作条件和膜结构。 资本和运营成本与水源水质有关；它们被分解为预处理、后处理和残余处理。

Small systems have special problems when it comes to meeting the requirements of the Surface Water Treatment Rule. Their options include full-scale central treatment, alternative package plants, and point of entry devices. This paper focuses on the use of membranes and their application to small systems for meeting the SWTR requirements-- namely as an alternative to filtration for particle removal. Ultrafiltration and microfiltration have been shown to be very effective for particulate removal, hence these systems have particular application to meeting SWTR treatment needs. System components of membrane filtration include pretreatment, membrane, posttreatment and residual disposal. UF and MF characteristics are described, as are typical operating conditions and membrane construction. Capital and operating costs are related to source water quality; they are broken down into pretreatment, posttreatment, and residual disposal.