The study objective was to provide data on effectiveness of removal of Giardia and Cryptosporidium through conventional treatment and direct filtration. The specific objectives were designed to address some of the questions associated with the development of the new regulations by examining the most critical relationships in the removal of Giardia and Cryptosporidium. These relationships are: a comparison of the effectiveness of Giardia and Cryptosporidium removal through conventional treatment with that resulting from direct filtration; a comparison of the effectiveness of Giardia removal with Cryptosporidium removal; a comparison of the effectiveness of Giardia and Cryptosporidium removals with the removals of turbidity, cyst-size particles, and heterotrophic bacteria.