1.1 本规程旨在提供各种方法，其中氧化锰（MnO 2. )可用于将感兴趣的放射性核素浓缩到较小的体积计数几何体中，或排除其他物种，否则会阻碍整体放射化学方法中后续的化学分离步骤，或两者兼而有之。 1.2 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.3 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全和健康实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.4 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 本规程适用于作为整体放射性化学分析方法一部分的特定放射性核素的分离。感兴趣的放射性核素可能需要在低于1 Bq的放射性水平上进行量化。这可能需要测量质量为1克至数公斤以上的样品中小于1 fg的分析物。 这需要将放射性核素浓缩到较小的体积计数几何体中，或排除会阻碍后续化学分离的物种，或两者兼而有之。MnO公司 2. 在能够浓缩以下元素方面表现出良好的选择性:锕（Ac）、铋（Bi）、铅（Pb）、钋（Po）、钚（Pu）、镭（Ra）、钍（Th）和铀（U），如参考文献中所述（见第节） 4. 和 8. ). MnO 2. 可在准备使用时加载到各种基质上，或在水溶液中原位生成。所提出的过程并不意味着涵盖所有可能的内容，也不意味着解决使用MnO的所有限制 2. . 第节指出了一些局限性 6. ，干扰。

1.1 This practice is intended to provide a variety of approaches in which manganese oxide (MnO 2 ) can be used to concentrate radionuclides of interest into a smaller volume counting geometry or exclude other species that would otherwise impede subsequent chemical separation steps in an overall radiochemical method, or both. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This practice is applicable to the separation of specific radionuclides of interest as part of overall radiochemical analytical methods. Radionuclides of interest may need to be quantified at activity levels of less than 1 Bq. This may require measurement of less than 1 fg of analyte in a sample which has a mass of a gram to more than several kilograms. This requires concentration of radionuclides into a smaller volume counting geometry or exclusion of species which would impede subsequent chemical separations, or both. MnO 2 has shown good selectivity in being able to concentrate the following elements: actinium (Ac), bismuth (Bi), lead (Pb), polonium (Po), plutonium (Pu), radium (Ra), thorium (Th), and uranium (U) as noted in the referenced literature (see Sections 4 and 8 ). The MnO 2 can be loaded onto a variety of substrates in preparation for use or generated in-situ in an aqueous solution. The presented processes are not meant to be all encompassing of what is possible or meant to address all limitations of using MnO 2 . Some limitations are noted in Section 6 , Interferences.